SHIMEON d'ly??', the name that appears else- where as Simeon). — One of the sons of Harim, who had married a foreign wife, Ezr 10^' ; BA StyueuK, Luc. 'Lvy.fiiiv.
SHIMON (iiD-i? ; B 'Ztiuiiv, A 2e^€iiip. Luc. 2a/i(). — The eponym of a Judahite family, 1 Ch 4".
SHIMRATH
SHIXAK
503
SHIMRATH (n^tl? ; BA Zaiiapde, Luc. So/xopti).— A Bciijuiuite, 1 Ch 8-'.
SHIMRI (n^v*).— 1. A Simeonite, 1 Ch i^ (B 2o/idp, A Za/iop(as, Luc. "Zaiuipd). 2. The father of one of David's lieroes, 1 Ch II" (B -a/^epi, A and Luc. -a/iapi). 3. The eponym of a familj- of gatekeepers, 1 Ch 20'° (BA ^uXdiriroi'Tej [translating, as if ■-;:=■], Luc. :iafiapl). i. A Levite, 2 Ch 29" (B '^aii.fipti, A and Luc. Zafiflpt).
SHIMRITH.— See Shimeath.
SHIMRON (p-cp).— The fourth son of Issachar, Gn 40" (A Za^liipan, D ^a.p.,ipav, Luc. "Zaix^pa. xai Za^fiply), Nu 26--' I-"' (B* Zap-apaii, B''F 'lap.papL, A 'Klijipa.v, Luc. 'Afifipdpi), 1 Ch 7' (B -efiepwv, A Zafipapi, Luc. ZoiJ.^pav). The gentilic name Shim- ronites (-ii:;-.!; 15* Za/iapavd, B'"" ^afipa/tel, A 'kli.iipap.ll, Luc. ' Aiijipaiii) occuis in Nu 26'-" <-'"''.
SHIMRON (i^-c?» 'watch-height'; B SuMoiii-, A SfMP-J" iJos 19'^),' A Zoiiepwy (II'), A ZaMpii" (12™); Semeron, Semron). — One of the towns whose kings Jabin, king of Hazor, called to his assi.stance when lie heard of Joshua's conquest of Southern Palestine (Jos II'). It was afterwards allotted to the tribe of Zebulun (Jos 19"*). Its site is un- known ; Dillra. enumerates various conjectures. Neubauer (0(og. du Talmud, p. 189) identilies it, very improbably, with tlie Simonia {k-:ic'd) of the Talmud, the Simonias of Josephus {Vit. § 24), now Semunich, a small village, 5 miles west of Nazareth, and not far from Bethlehem {Beit Lalim), which is mentioned with it in Jos 19" (PEF Mem. i. 339). Riehm (HWB) considers a site so far south in Lower Galilee unlikely, and would identify it with es-Semeiriych, a village about 3 miles north of Acre, and nut far from K'ifr Yasif. C. W. WiLSON.
SHIMRON - MERON (i'ni? j'nni!' ; B Zviioiiv . . . Ma/ipu;^, A ^a/ipkjf . . . 'I'a(T7d . . . MaptiJi' ; Simeron Maron). — A Canaanite town, west of Jordan, whose king was amongst those whom Joshua smote (Jos 12-*). Comparing its position in the list with that of Shimron in the list given in Jos II', it seems proljable that the two places are identical. The I, XX treat Shimron and Meron as two places, and in this they are followed by Eusebius (Onont..). Possibly Sliimron-raeron was the full name of Shimron. Schrader (KAT' p. 163; cf. Del. Paradics, 286 f.) identifies it with Samsiuiuruna, a Canaanite roj-al city inentiimed in inscriptions of Sennacherib, Esarhaddoii, and Assurbanipal, and places it at es-Semeirti/ch, following Socin (in Baedeker's Pal.). See also SHI.MRON. C. W. Wilson.
SHIHSHAI (•;;'=?').— The scribe or secretary of Rehuni, Ezr 4»- »•' "• =» (B '^a/iaaa, ra/io^, i;a^£als, ^afifjd ; A has ^a/xo-ol and Luc. -afuiias through- out). He is called in I Es 2>' Sameluus.
SHIN (L") and SIN (b»).— The twenty-first letter of Wtv Hebrew aljihuliet, and as such employed in the 119th Psalm to designate the 21st part, each verso of which in Heb. begins with this letter in one or other of its two forms. These are trans- literated in this Dictionary by *Aand»respeotiveIy. On the question when the two forms of the letter began to be distinguished by the so-called dia- critical point, and for a strong plea in favour of the order shin-sin, instead of the customary sin- shin, in Hob. Grammars and Dictionaries, see Nestle in Transactions of the IXth and Xlth International Congress of Orientalists (Semitic section).
SHINAB (:x;?, -(viiadp, Scnnaab). — The king of Admah who was attacked bj- Chedorlaomer and his allies (Gn 14-). The name has been supposed (cf. Frd. Delitzsch, Parcidia; 294) to be the same as that of Sanibu who is mentioned by Tiglath- pileser III. as king of Ammon. The reading, how- ever, is quite uncertain, the LXX form havmg the support also of the Sam. ittia,
SHINAR i^-j-.v; LXX Zcvv<xdp,Y, ^e^adp Gn 14'; 7^ —it'adp [Thcod. ~cyi'a.dp] Dn 1- ; Sennanr). — The name given, in the OT, to the country known as Babylonia, elsewhere called Babel or land of Babel ('ires Babel), from the name of its chief city. In Gn 10'° it is described as the district in which were situated the four great cities of Babylonia, namely. Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, whi^h were tlie beginning of Nimrod's kingdom, and in Gn 11- it is spoken of as a place where there was a plain, wherein early migrants in the east settled, founded the city Babel or Babylon, and built a tower, afterwards known as ' the Tower of Babel.' In Is 11" the Heb. Shin'ar is rendered bj' the LXX as ' Babylonia,' and in Zee 5" by ' the land of Babylon,' thus showing that the two terms were practically synonymous. To all appearance EUasar or Larsa, and the district of which it was capital, does not seem to have been included in this term (Gn 14'- '). In Syriac Sen'ar was used of the country around Baghdad (Ges. s.v.).
The most common explanation of the word Shinar is, that it is derived from an earlier form of the Babylonian ,iunier,jBi dialectic form of an as yet unfound non-Semitic Senger, just as dimmer is the dialectic form of the non-Semitic dingir, ' god.' It cannot be said, however, that this explanation, plausible as it seems to be, is entirely^satisfactory. Jensen objects (ZKSF ii. 419) that Sumer stands for south Babylonia, whilst Shinar, on the con- trary, indicates the north, and he puts forward for consideration, whether Tindir, the name of the city of Babjlon as the ' Seat of Life,' may not go back to an original form Singar (Singir), comparing, for the interchange between d and g, agar and its dialectic form adar. Like most of Jensen's pro- posals, this is .suggestive, but at the same time Iiardly convincing. Hommel, in the art. Baby- lonia (vol. i. p. 224''), derives Shinar from A'i- Iingir through the intermediate forms Shingar, Shtimir ( = Sunier), and Shimir, Ki-Im"ir being an older form of Ki-Ingi, ' the region of Ingi,' wiiich was rendered Sumer by the Semitic Babj'lonians. It will thus be seen that he does not recoRnizc the force of Jensen's objection with regard to the geographical position.