{ Op cit. 1 GMch. i. 314 a. « KSnige, p. 2« I
lUek Arch. IL 27 f.
x Underqround Jemmlem, p. 60.
AFig. l.'lO. ^ Fig. 1,9. 't^g-l.S.
{IK 79 '* ; Jos. Ant. viii. iv. 8'2, etc.
• See Warren's Umifrqround JeniMlem, p. 61 ff. _ » Essay on the ' Ancient Topography ol Jerusalem, 18*7. P Sketch ofJenisaUnn, 220 tf. ( Encyc. Brit.' «. ■ Temple.'
TEMPLE
TEMPLE
697
view of a Jerusalem Levite of the time after the Exile, and represents events as tliey were regarded and not as they were, anj' one who compares Kings and Chronicles, and considers the history of religious thought and institutions among the Israelites, may see. Chronicles aims at glori- fj-ing David as the founder of the kingdom and of tlie religious society, especially of the priest- hood and the psalmody. According to ihe Chronicler, David received from God a detailed plan of the temple, o and gathered together ma- terials, es])ecially gold, silver, copper, and iron.jS for the building. Kings gives a fuller account, but leaves out this and similar things. (3) The temple of Ezekiel's vision 7 must have been more or less suggested by tlie temple which he actually saw ; and from its elaborate description one may, to a certain extent, fill in the omissions in the shorter description of Solomon's temple ; only, it is to be considered that the tem])le which the prophet saw on the banks of the Chebar is as sym- metrical as imagination unhampered by fact could make it. The te.xt of Ezekiel is also corrupt ; but ISottcher la his Piobcn Alttcst. Schrifterklarung,
the altar, the chambers, etc. This supposed con- nexion has led to many «Tong results as to the dimensions of the first temple ; as in the height of the building, which, because stated to be 30 cubits, i.e. thrice, not twice, that of the tabernacle, is made to refer to the exterior, not to the interior, though the otlier measurements are admitted to be internal. l>iit the assumption of I'ergusson, based on the oldest authorities, falls to the ground when it is remembered that tlie tabernacle in question had no actual existence at any time, and no exist- ence in thought until about the time of the Exile. It would be far nearer the truth to say that the tabernacle is itself modelled upon the second temple, than to say that the lirst temple waa modelled on the tabernacle. See T.aeeknacle.
Tlie temple of Solomon included the house and the court which surrounded and enclosed house, altar, and other belongings.
The ' house ' was a rectangular building 60 cubits long (east to west), 20 cubits broad, and 30 cubits high. a These are inside measurements, as the account of the dcbir, or Holy of Holies, in 1 K G'"* (cf. vj") shows, and as the temple of Ezekiel
I, 14 If la ao
I I ' I
_1_
_1_
_1_
_L,
_U
_i-
-J CubiW
pro. 2. — OROUND PLAN OP B01.0M0S'B TEMPLII.
BkndJ-BoazandJachin— theplllura. P = the porch. H = the MiiiJ or Holy Place. D = the Altr or Moat Holy Place, table of flhewhread. 8 = the stairway to the upper chambers. ~ Ezukiel's temple.
E=entraDCe to the chambers. 1, 2, etc.
T=the
the chambera after
Smend, Bertholet, and especially Cornill, in their Commentaries, have done much to obviate this dif- ficulty.— We have secondary sources in Jo.sephusS and tlieMishnic tract Middoth, but these are valu- able chiefly for Herod's temple ; for, even when describing the temples of Solomon, Ezekiel, and Zeruhbabel, it is Herod's which they have in mind. Josephus has also a strong passion for exaggera- tion, especially when the glory of the temple is concerned. In matters of size and measure- ment his imagination seems almost as free as was Ezekiel's. «
1. Plan and Dimensions of Solomon's Temple. — Fergus-son f says that the temple of Solo- mon was a copy of the tabernacle, the dimensions of the latter being doubled, and such other chanires made as were necessary in a fixed as compared with a portable structure. But the resemblances so often, especially in former times, pointed out, are accom- p.inied by dilferences of an important character — as in the porch, the two pillars Boaz .tnd Jachin,
• lCh28"l». /3 1Ch221^
rEzk 4U-«2 and In part 43 and 4fl. Ant. vill. HI., XV. xl. 3(1. ; BJ v. v. 1-8. I See Robinaon's BRPt i. 277 f. ( Early Templet oj the Jem, p. 26 S.
suggests. But no allowance is made for the wall separating the hekal, or Holy Place, from the diblr, which in Ezekiel's temple was 6 cubita thick./3 The building looked towards the east. It is of course quite po.ssible that this arrangement may have been due to the form of the hill, which made it much more suitable to build west to east than north to south.
The .lanrtuary structure. — The temple building had three jiarts, or rather two and a iiorch which is not reckoned as a portion of the house. The arrangeiiient and number of the chambers is con- jectural, being based on what we know of Ezekiel'* temple.
The larger of the two parts of the house is the MkaZ,y the diblr S being the smaller. The hfhU
• 1 K R3 1 2 Oh SS. The latter puaage doca not give the height.