LlTERATTRB. — The principal authorities have been cited In the bo<iy of the above article. See, f»irther, .Srliijrer, QJl's iii, C(>'J IIJ./P II. iiL 124J. Since the above article was written, an En^']i»h translation of the Armenian Version haa been publiblicd {Ctu-ananiciU Writings <>/ the OT found in the Armenian M.^S of .St. tazarus, Issaverdens, Venice, 11M>1, pp. 8S1-478). Afl the translator has made no attempt to distinpuisli between the two recensions, thia translation is worthlciui from a critical stand- point. R. U. CUARLES.
TESTIMONY.— In the OT this word is scarcely, if at all, used in the ordinary sense of 'witness' or ' evidence,' although it has this meaning fre- quently in the NT. We will reserve the treat- ment of this sense of the term and partly of the OT ' tectify ' for art. Witnk.ss, and devote the present art. to the special OT usage.
The Heb. terms are [nyj] and nny or niy. The existence of the first of these has been postulated to account for the plur. my, which is found (alone or with snttixes) in Dt 4*> 6"-» Ps 25'" 78" 93° 99' 1 iga. a. m. 46. to. 79. M. ii». 12s. is«. im. ua. H7. i« Such a
bourse appears, however, to be unnecessary, for in every instance my might be vocalized nny, or my
• OOP igree In ^ving the comipt t«xt which contains an •ccojnt of the Seven heavens. For an account of the latter •e* CbArlea, .Boot q/ tht Stcrctt 0/ Enoch (18B6).
might be taken as a contraction of ifn^ ('edwdth), the plur. of nn; (so Stade, § 3206 ; Sieg'fried-S'<ide, Buhl). The form nny is found in 1 K 2», 2 K 17" 23^ Jer 44-=', 1 Ch 29'», 2 Ch 34»>, Neh 9»», Pa 119"- 81. M. w. 111. la. i«. 157. In ijoth tliese sets of paawiges the name ' testimonies ' is applied to God'i law* as being a solemn declaration ot His will or a protest against deviation from its performance (see Driver, Dcut. p. 81, who compares ? Tyn= ' testify or pro- test aqaitut ' [not 'unto J, 2 K 17", Jer U', Ps 50' 8l», Neh 9a1.a9.so).* '-fhe testimony' (nnyn) is a technical term, esp. in P, for the Decalogue (LXX TO /juipTvpia, Ex 25 '•" 40-°) as being par excellence the declaration of the Divine will. Hence the expressions 'tables of the testimony' (LXX oi 7r\d«s roD futprvpiov, Ex 31" 32''^ 34'.*); 'ark of the testimony,' which contained these tables (LXX ^ Ktpuris ToS fuipri'ptov. Ex 25'" 20==. " 308- '•" 31' 39»» 403.0. ai_ Nu 46 769^ jog 416 [duj,,,. . \,at Bennett, Steuemagel, et al., n-ijn ' ark of the covenant ']) ; + ' tabernacle of the testimony or witness ' (LXX t) ffA.-Tji'T) ToD imprvplov [so in Ac 7'", Rev 15°]), Ex 38^', Nu i».ii3 6i, iQii [j^]! misk/can luiabUh\ Nu 9«> 17'- « 18», 2 Ch 24" [all 'ohd ha-ediUh]. See art. Tabernaclk, p. 655. 'The testimony' is an abbreviation for ' the ark of the testimony ' in Ex 16** (LXX ivavrlov toO Oeov) 27"' (^tt! tti^ diaSqKrit) 30^. {irl 7-^j Ki^icTov tQv jiaprvpiuv) ^ {air^favTi tuip fuipTvptui'), Lv 16" (^Tri Tiix iiapTvpliiiv) 24^ ((v Ty (TKijfj ToD fiapTvplov), Nu 17"*" {Kar^vavTi toS fwpTvplov) a* {ifiliinov Turn iiapTvpiuiv). A later usage extended the term hd'ediUh from the Decalogue to the Law in general : Ps 19" 78" (|| ^in) 81^ (|| pn ' statute ') 119*« 122*.
For nny.T (' the testimony') of 2 K 11"=2 Ch 23" we should prob. read nn^i-n ('the bracelets,' see Wellh.-Bleek, p. 258 n.), although LXX has ri imp- ripiov and to. ixapripia in the respective j)assages.
In Sir 45", wliere the LXX has ' to teach Jacob the testimonies' (B rd /xaprvpia, A iiaprvplav), the Heb. text has 'so he taught his people statute' (pn). J. A. Selbie.
TETH (D).— The ninth letter of the Heb. alphabet, and as such employed in the 119th Psalm to designate the 9th part, each verse of which begins with this letter. It is transliterated in this Dictionary by t.
TETRARCH (Tirpipxr,':, WH TfTpad^xis)-— A ruler of a fourth ])art of a country or province, or at Sparta a commander of four conijianies of soldiers. The compound occurs first in Eur. Ale. 1154 in reference to Tlies.saly, which in early times and again in the constitution given by Philip of Alacedon was divided for civil administration into four districts (Demos. P/u'ijp/). iii. 26). In Galatia, too, each of the three tribes had its four tetrarchs (Strabo, 566 f.), until Pompey reduced the number (App. Milhrid. 46, Syr. 50 ; Livy, Ep. 94), retain- ing the name. Thenceforward little attention was paid to the original signification of the title, which was freely applied to dependent princelings inpos- session of some of the rights of sovereignty. Tliey were of subordinate rank to kings or ethnarchs, and were especially numerous in Syria (Pliny, Hist. Nat. V. 74 et al. ; Cicero, Milu, xxviii. 36 ct al. ; Horace, Sat. I. iii. 12; Tacitus, Ann. xv. 25; Ca'sar, Bell. Civ. iii. 3; I'lutarch, Anton. 36; Jos. Ant. XVII. X. 9 ; e< al.). The title as used in NT retains in part its etymological meaning in two ca.ses. For both Antipas (Mt 14', Lk 3'-"' 9', Ac 13') and Herod Philip (Lk 3') inherited each a fourth jiart of his father's dominions (Jos. Ant.