The name Tiberias, given to the city and lake, was intended by Herod Antipas as a compliment to the reigning emperor. See art. TlBElti.\s.
C. H. PUICHARD.
TIBHATH (n-2a 'extensive,' 'level'; B iMero- /S^xas, A Mare^ie ; Thebath). — A city of Hadarezer, king of Zobah, from which David took much brass (1 Ch IS"). In 2 S 8' the name of the tonn is Betah,but the original reading was j)robablyTebah, as intheSyriac version, and as a tribal name in Gu 22-^ The site of Tibhath is unknown, but it was ijossibly on the eastern slopes of Anti-Lebanon, between which range and tne Euphrates Aram- zobah is supposed to have been situated.
C. W. Wilson.
TIBNI ('J3B : B Qaii.vel, A Qaitvl, Luc. Qa^ivfil).— After the seven days' reign of ZiMRI had ended in his death in the flames of his palace, Tibni disputed the throne for four years (comjiare 1 K Iti'* with v.^) with (JMltl, whose sway was acknowledged only after the death of Tibni and his brother Joram. Our knowledge of Joram we owe to the
TIDAL
TlGlilS
761
I.XX, whose addition (in 1 K 16~) xal 'Iupa.fi i d5c\<piit oirrou ^y n} Kaipi} iKtiKfi no doubt preserves an orifjinal n'.ii nvD itk cnvi wliitli lias dropped out of the Ueb. text.
TIDAL (Sj-iB ; A OaXyi, ea\yd\, Luc. OapyiK ; Tluidal). — Kin^ of GollM, who, alon^' with Ariocli of EUasar and Amrajihel of Shiuur, followed his suzerain, Chudorlaonier of Elaui, in his campaigns in Palestine (tin H'-"). His name has recently been found * by Mr. Pinches in a cuneiform tablet {Up. iii. 2. 13) under the form of T\id^'hula in con- nexion with Eri-Aku of Larsa, Kli:uiiniu[rabi] of Babylon, and Kudur-Lajjhghamar of Klani. Tud- ghula is here called the son of Cjazzu[ni]. In another tablet relating to the same hi-storical events we read : ' Who is Kudur - Lagh^hamar, the worker of evil ? He has assembled the Umman Manda, he has laid waste the people of Bel {i.e. the Babylonians), and [has marched] at their side.' Tlie Umman Manda, or 'Barbarian Hordes,' were the mountaineers who lived to the north of Elam, and the name given to them is the Bab. equivalent of the lleb. Goiim. It seems probable, therefore, that Tudghula or Tid'al came trom the mountains J«.E. of Babylonia. A. H. Sayce.
TIGLATH - PILESER (ijN^rn^jn ; B 'A\yae<pe\- Xd<rap,, QaXyaOtpeWdffapf QaXya\(p€Wd(7aPf A 'A.y\ad- (paWdaap, L\ic. k)(y\a<pa\d(rap ; Assyr. Tuknlti-1'al- Esarra, ' (my) trust is (Ninip) the son of E-Sarra,' E-Sarra .signifying 'the Hou.se of Hosts.' The Heb. spelling of the hrst part of the name is neculiar, but precisely the same spelling is found in the Aram, inscriptions of Zinjerii, which are contemporaneous with the reign of Tiglath-pUeser. In 1 C'li 5"- •" and '2 Ch '28-^ we lind the corrupt form Tilgath-pilneser [ir;^5'nj(i? ; B BaXya^aydcrap, hayyatpdpAaapt Ba\y<i<p€\\doap ; A Ba.y\ad(poXvd(ja.p ; Luc. B(y\aOif>a.\daap]).
The Tiglalh-pileser of OT is Tiglath-pileser III. of the native monuments, whose original name was Pulu (tlie Pul of 2 K 15'"). He usurjied the Assyr. crown, the 13th day of lyyar, B.C. 745, after the fall of the older Assyr. dyna.sty, and assumed the name of Tighith-pileser from that of a famous Assyr. king and conqueror who had reigned four centuries previously. In Babylonia, however, he continued to be known by his original name Pulu.
Tiglath-pileser III., the founder of the second Assyr. emjiirc, was a man of great ability, both military and atlmiiiistiative. He introduced a new system of polity, the object of which was to weld the whole of W. Asia into a single empire, bound together by a bureaucratic oigaiiizalion. It was the hrst experiment in political centraliza- tion. He also est.iblished a .standing army, w hich he made, by careful training and equi|jment, an irresistible enuine of war. And it was he who lirst devi.sed the system of satrapies and hnance which prevailed in the Persian empire of later daj-s.
Immediately after his accession he marched into Babylonia, where he subdued the Aramu'an tribes and united the northern portion of the country to As.syria. In li.C. 744 he chastised the wild tribes on the eastern frontiers of his kingdom, penetrating into the remotest parts of Media. Next he had to defend him.self against Sarduris II. of Ararat and his allies from Asia Minor. These he defeated in a pitched battle, capturing no fewer than 72,950 soldiers of the enemy as well as the city of Arpad in N. Syria. Here he received tribute from various princes, including Kezin of Dama.scus and Hiram of Tyre. Arpad, however, revolted immediately afterwards. In U.C. 742, accordingly,
• King, LHIert o/ UammuralH, L (1S98) p. lill, anrl Itall, Light /rom the Emt^ p. 70, however, quuatioo these Ideotitlco- tiooB.
he began the siege of it ; but it did not fall till B.C. 740. In B.C. 739 the Assjrians came into conflict with Azariah of Judah (not Yadi in N. Syria, as has recently been suggested ; but see art. lTzziah, ajid A.SSVKIA, vol. i. p. 185"), whose allies from HaiRath were overthrown, and the 19 dis- tricts of Haiuath placed under Assyr. governors. Meanwhile the Assyr. generals had suppressed a revolt among the Araiiucan tribes in Babylonia. Transportations of tlie conquered populations now took place on a large .scale. This was the be- ginning of a policy which was afterwards more tuUy developed by the Assyr. and Bab. kinj's. Tribute was ajiain brought to Tiglath-jiileser by the kings of Asia Elinor, Syria, and Palestine, among them being Menahem of Samaria (2 K 15'-').