Clolely connected with this form of uncleanness was that caused by abnormal issues JD both sexes The pathological conditions indicated need not be discussed fn detail (see the commentaries). An 'issue of blood' (Lv 15'^-», Mt 9=» and paralls. ) made a woman unclean as in the normal discharge. 1 he impurity lasted seven days after the discharge had Sped Then she oflered two turtle doves or yoZlpigeons-one for a sin- and the other for a Wt ottering. It is curious that neither in tlie case of the normal nor abnormal issue is any re- fSence made to washing of body or clothes m the case of the woman, though both are required for thP man (Lv IS"'"). Jewish custom at a later p riodcer ailily insiited on a bath of purification K the normal dischar-e. 1° .the c^/« "^ ">«>- seminal emission involved washmg of the body and uncleanness till the evenin", while every gar- mc^it or skin on which there hadlieen any discharge must be washed and be unclean till evening According to Dt 23'»- ", a noi^turnal accident wh le onamKexpeditionexcludedaman from the cainp for the next day. As evenmg came on he had to bathe, and he returned to camp when the sun was down. Correspondin| to the abnormal dUchar.'e of women is that ol men described in r^ ulr The various forms of uncleanness pro- duced by it are elaborately referred to (w.-'-).
•'The oWect of secluding women at menstruation ta to „eutSf.e°^Ld.„,cro™.nm.encesw.,*
frre'^peTa\l\ gJea't at*heT>"l nTenstruat.on 'appears from
-S?^T^^nsn^^-riM^^^^^
bothtothe^rlherseu ac^ as it U called ot girls at puberty
i'.;; »»n titv of holy men do not, to the pnmitive mind, and the 8anait\ of noij m , ^j^ ^ manifestations
^eflcent accordiVto its "PPl'^t)?- ' ^^^^l e i48 Thi Stos'^-p'uSlir £Ts T^J^^^^f^^^^^ PrimUivt Culture^, u. 4S2).
The rites of purification are the same as for a woman's abnormal issue. . • i_
That childbirth made the luotlier unclean is only what was to be expected. It is surprising that Nowack should regard this as obviously a develop- ment in later time of the old view that pollution was incurred by intercourse as by menstruation iHeb. Archdol. ii. 284). The uncleanness of child- birth is an almost universal belief among primitive peoples * It was also an Arab custom in certain places to build a hut outside the camp, where the woman had to stay for a time (WeUh. ^c. p. UO). The fact clearly is, that, so far from being a late development among the Israelites, it was a survival from prehistoric times. And a modified survival, for it IS striking that whereas the newborn infant is almost universally regarded as in a high degree taboo, this has not survived among the Hebrews (though Ezk 16* may allude to it) t Jhe rule in Lv !>> (p1 enjoins that after the birth of a boy the mother shall be unclean, as in menstruation for a week, and shaU continue 'in the blood oi her purifying' thirty-three days. During the first week her uncleanness would of course be infec- tious, but possibly this was not so during the rest of her forty days. All that is required is that she shall touch no hallowed thing, nor come into the sanctuary.' When a girl was born, the two periods were doubled. It was commonly l^eUeved that the symptoms persisted much longer after the birth 7i aVrl than after that of a bov. The numbers thirty-three and sixty-six are cliosen to make up with seven and fourteen the favourite number of forty and its multiple eighty. When tlie requ^ite period was over, she ottered a lamb of the first year or a burnt-ottering, and a young P'gf on or a turt ? dove for a sin-ottering. If too poor to offer a lamb (as was the mother of Jesus, Lk 2-*), a seconu young pigeon or a second turtle dove might be '"xhi^VroA^ft^erf rffj,r.«' belong to the same order of ideas: on this subject the article MaKRIAOE may be consulted. On forbidden degrees in Arabia seeV. E. Smith, Kinship, ch. vi. ; and on the whole subiect. especiaUy Westermarck, The History of Hul^nMlriactA chs. xiv xv and the summary m, 544-546.S the ' bastard.' who is exc uded from the attmblY of J", is probably the offspring of such tueassemoiyoi^ , t^ p^^bably ftloabites and
Im'monufs i?e%fcl'u ed on the^ ground of^^the incestuous origin of the two peoples (Gn 19 ). The exclusion" of eunuchs (Dt 23') is apparent y meant to refer, in the first place at any rate, to tSVho had mutilated themselves for religious reasons This is an example of a Uboo originatmg in a nrotest against heathenism. , ., .^. t
"'some see alialogous ideas, in the proha,ition of 'unlawful mi.Ktures.' Sowing a field with two kinds of seed made the whole crop holy, that is taboo Linen and wool might not be used in the same garment; the clothing proper to one sex mi"ht not be worn by the other; II an ox and an ass mi-ht not be yoked together to the plough; ass mi^iii. ,Luler with a diverse kind Dt
l^.,Tt;i^ll h'^arallels cannot here be quoted
Jevons, InUod. to the IhM.o/Rel '«. '»• t See Jevons, I.e. 75. TO ; Tvlor U il 431
866).
11
UNCLEAIf, UNCLEANNESS
UNCLEAN, UNCLEANNESS 829
■o eiisily. The Kamschatkans at the beginning of the IStli cent, had a taboo on cooking lish and flesh in the same pot.* Frazer gives several e.\- amples of taboo on mixing dilFerent kinds of food in the stomach (I.e. ii. 336, 337). Baentscli sa3's that mingling of stufl's from the animal and vegetable kingdoms played a rfile in magic.