For further information concerning the Hexapla and these versions see art. Septuagint.
LrrERATURE.— Montfaucon, Origcnie Hexaplorrtm qua super- tunt (1723) ; Field, Orifjenis Uexaptontm ijiue i^uper.'ntTit (IbTo) : Salmon, Introil. to iVr (last edition); Swcte, Introd. to OT in Greek (1900). For Aquila (fra^iiuents), Ang:er, de Qnkdo Chatdaico; liiiT\dtt, Fraf/mentso/ Aquiia; Taylor, ' Fragments' In Saj/iufis 0/ the Jetvieh Fathers^ (1897), and* Fragments of Pa. xxii. (1900), art. 'Hexapla' in Diet, of Christian BiO'irnphy. For Symtnachua and Theodotion see artt. $.vo. in Vict, oj Chruit. Biog. by Dr. Owynn. U. A. ReDPATH.
VERSIONS.— In addition to the Versions treated in the preceding three articles, the following are dealt with in the present work under their respec- tive titles: Arabic Versions, Armknian Ver- sion, Egyptian Versions, Ethiopic Version, Latin Versions (The Old), Septuaglnt, Syriac Versions, Vulgate.
VERY is still used as an adj. freely enough, but either intensively or to mark identity. Tlie sense of ' true ' (Lat. verax, through late Lat.
• For traces ot a veniion of other books than Daniel >lut o( Tbeodotion see Swete'a Intnd. p. <8, n. S.
verafus and Old Fr. verai), or ' real ' is no longel in use. We find this sense in AV Gn 27='- *• 'Art thou my very son Esau ? ' ; Ps 5' ' Their inward part is verj- wickedness'; Pr 17° 'He that re- peateth a matter separateth very (RV 'chief') friends'; Jn 7-° 'Do the rulers know indeed that this is the very Christ ? ' ; Ac 9^ ' proving that this is very Christ' (RV 'the Christ'). This use of 'very' is common in Wyclif, as Jn (J^^-sa. m ' my fleisch is verri mete, and my blood is verri drjnke ' ; 15' ' I am a veiri vyne ' ; 17' ' This is everlastynge liif, that tliei knowe thee verri God aloone ' ; so Tind. ' iliat they myght knowe the that only very God. ' So Erasmus, C'rede, 76, ' It was no very deathe'; Elyot, Ooveniour, ii. 161, 'Seneca saieth that very friendship is induced neither with hope ne with rewarde.' Sometimes the adj. with this sense has to be carefully disting\iished from the adverb. Thus Udall's Erasmus' iVjf', ii. 280, ' Jesus Christ ... is now already come, having receyved a very humayne body ' ; and Tind ale, Expos. 230, 'Where faith is, there must the very good works follow.' Hall (Works, ii. 151) uses the compar. in the same sense, ' Surely they were not veryer lepers than we ? '
J. Hastings. VEX, VEXATION.— These Eng. words, as used in AV, express much more than petty annoyance. The following quotations will illustrate their force : Vex — Lk S'" Tind. ' Master, the people thrust the and vexe (dirodXl^ova, Gen. ' tread on,' AV 'press') the, and sayest thou, who touched me ? ' ; 1 S 28-' Cov. ' And the woman went in to Saul, and sawe that he was sore vexed ' (AV ' sore troubled ') ; Mt 9^ Rheni. ' And seing the multi- tudes, he pitied them because the}- were vexed' (fiaav iK\e\v/i^i'oi, AV 'fainted'; edd. ijaav ^ctkvX- IJLivoi., RV 'were distressed'); Elyot, Govemour, ii. 95, 'The first or chiefe porcion of justice (as Tiilli saietli) is to indomage no man, onelas thou be wronglully vexed' (Lat. nisi lacessitus injuria) ; Sliaks. Lear, III. iv. 62, ' Do poor Tom some charity, whom the foul liend vexes.' Vexation — Shaks. Mids. Night's Dream, IV. i. 74 —
' Think no more of this night's accidenta But as the fierce vexation of a dream ' ;
Webster, White Devil, v. 2 —
' There's nothing of so infinite vexation As man's own thoughts.'
But the force of the words in AV can be best seen by examin- ing the original words so translated. In OT sixteen verbs (and onesubst.) are translated 'vex.' These are— 1. [Ilahal] (Ps 2* 62,3. 10)^ which in Picl(l*s*2'') is usually translated in AV 'trouble,' but means 'ilismay'or 'terrify'; in Niph. (!*3 62.a. iy)*be dis- turbed,' 'dismayed.' In his Par. i'.sa/f. Driver has uniformly • dismay ' or ' be dismayed ' 2. [Ddhak] (Jg 2'^), elsewhere only Jl 2S of the crowding, thrusting of locusts, but common in .\ramaic. 3. Iliimam (2 Ch IS*'), to make a noise, and so 'discomfit,' 'distress,' as in Ex 14--*, where 'the Lord troubled (UV 'die- comliled') the host of the Egyptians.' 4. Zia' (Hab 27), t« tremble (as an old man shakes, Ec 12'*) : here it is Pilp., and Davidson translates ' shall violently shake thee ' ; it is used figuratively of the foes of Babylon as the instruments of Jehovah's judgments. 5. [Vwjah] {Job 19^) in Hipb. means to cause grief, I)avi<ison 'atiJict,* who adds, 'the words suggest the cnishing effect which the friends' insinuations of wickedness had on Job's spirit.' 6. I Vunih] (Ex fZ" UV ' wrong ' ; Lv 19M RV 'do wrong' ; Ezk 22? RV ' wrong "■2*)= 'oppress,' 'maltreat,' esp. the stranger [see Ger] or the poor b\' the wealthy and powerful. 7. A a' of (Ezk 32^) in Hiph. = * provoke,' as Peniunah provoked Hannah (1 S 1^, but esp. used of provoking Jehtvah to anger. 8. .Marar{ Job 272) in Qal ' to be bitter,' as 2 K 4" ' her soul, it is bitter to her ' : here lliph. = ' embitter,' ' Shaddai who hath embittered my soul" (Ox/. Ueb. Lex.). Of. Ru 1» 'The .Mmighty hath dealt very bitterly with me.' 9.tAz<i''h] (Is 63'" KV ' grieve ') in Piel = ' cause pain.' 10. Zarar (Lv IS", Nu 2.i"- 18 33", 2 S 132. I9 uls, Neh 9"). This verb is to press (perhaps lit. in Lv 1818 though RV ' to be a rival '), press together, then fig. to oppress, persecute. In Neh 9^ (Hiph.) to afHict (RV ' distress ') on the part of enemies. 11. \K<t!\ (Is 7»)= fear, herein Hipb. = put in fear, of a city by besieging it. Of. 1 Mac 16H. 1'2. [Kiizir](3g le'"). lit. ' be short,' hereof one's spirit, i.e. to have one's patience exhausted, AV and RV ' His soul was vexed unto death,' Gen. ' His soul was peined unto the death.' 13. yiifa (Nu 2011S) n Hiph. to 'do evil,' to 'evil entreat' (so KV