(3) The Correctorium of ths Dominicans, prepared under the auspices of Hugo of St. Caro, about 1240, the final corrected form of which is now preserved in the Bibl. Nat. at Puris (Lat. 19,719-16,722) : this, like the emendation of Stephen Harding, was an endeavour not so much to recover Jerome's actual te\t, as to obtain a good working text of the Bible, by the use of Greek or Hebrew MSS. § The Dominicans thought as little of the Correctorium Parisiense as did Poger Bacon, and they dis- couraged the members of their order from using it. D
(4) The Correctoiium Vaticanum, a good MS of which is preserved in the Vatican Librarj' (Lat. 34(36) : this correct&rium was the work of the Franciscans, and its author has been very reasonably identified by Vercellone with a 'Sapienlissiraua homo,' praised by Bacon, who he says had spent nearly forty years in the correction and exposition of the text ; DeniHe con- cludes that he was Willermus de Mara.ll This is the best of the curri'ctoria, and has been cited by Bp. J. W'ordsworth in his edition of the Vulgate New Testament as cor. uat. ; the author is not only a good Greek and Hebrew scholar, but has seriously act himself to restore the Uieronymian text.
These remedies were all that could be applied to the Vulgate text before the invention of printing ; and, by an unfortunate chance, it was the worst of these corrertoria, the Parisiense, that was made use of \>y Kobertus Stephanus.
With the literary revival of the 15th cent., a natural desire was felt for a more satisfactory text of the Bible, as well as for a multiplication of copies of the sacred book ; the great humanist pope, Nicholas v., gave a commission to the scholar JIanetti, to translate the NT into Latin ; the same pope otlered a reward of 5000 crowns for a copy of St. Matthew's Gosjiel in its original Hebrew." Naturally, some of the first and principal pro- ductions of the ]irinting-i)ress were Latin Bibles. But the Bibles that were taken into the printer's worksliops, and from which the early editions were printed, would be the small and handy medieval MSS described above, like the MSS from which Henricus Stephanus printed the Greek NT, and which are still preserved in the librarj' at Basel; tliere would be a larger supply of such texts, they would lie easier to print from, and if they were spoilt the loss was slight, while few peojile would have cared to entrust one of the great Alcuinian Bibles, or still earlier pandects like the Codex Amialinus, to the rough usage of the printing-
• See Martin, ' Ijt Vulgate Latino au 13°" Bl6cle, d'apr6s R. Bacon' in the i!fi(jt^on (Louvain), vol. vii. p. 88f.
t See Hody, p. 418; It. Simon, tiistoire critique dc^ rersiont du A'Tj ch. "ix.; S. Berger, Quam mititiani Ujujucb Uetn-aica ha'jitennt Christiani inedix cevi temporihus in Gallia, Paria, 1S'.'3, p. 26 f.
! Now numbered 15,564 (fol. 147 fT.) in the Bibl. Nat. at ParU.
\ See Denille, p. 205 ; Martcne, Thcsaurut nov. anecd., torn. Iv. 1076.
n Berifcr, Quam notitiam, etc. p. 27.
^ Ilodv, p. 42yf. ; Berger, (jvam nolitiam, etc. pp. 32-86. ■" Paul F»br«, La Biiliolhtgw Valicane, pp. 89, 41 (Parl^ 1896).
880
VULGATE
VULGATE
office. Thus the early printed editions of the Vulgate did little more than per[ietuate tliu current and corrupt form of text; though the copies printed l)y l''roben at Basel seem to have been made witli care, and to have enjoyed a European reputation for accuracy ; * the present writer has found his Bible of 1502, with the glossa orillnaria, preserve a number of good read- ings, against almost all other early editions.
Space forbids our enumerating the early editions of the Vul;;rate or examining their history ; the student who wisiies to do this, may be referred to the sections on the subject in van Ess, Kaulen, Westcott, to Mr. Copinger*8 work, to E. Nestle's ' Lateinische Bibeliibersetzungen ' in PRE^, to Le Long, Bihlio- theca Sacra (ed. Masch, 177S-90), vol. ii., to Vercellone, Var. Led. i. pp. xcvi-civ, ii. pp. xxi-xxvi ; and, last, not least, to the llritish Museum * Catalogue of printed books ; Bible, part i.'
The following editions at any rate should be borne in mind : —
1. The * Mazarin ' Bible, so called because the copy which
first attracted the notice of Bibliographers was found in the library of Cardinal Mazarin ; otlierwise known as the ' 42 line ' Bible ; issued at Mentz between 1402 and 1456, in two vols. ; the printing is ascribed to Guten- berg, or to Peter Schoeffer, or to Johann Fust. Its rarity and beauty combine to make it one of the most valuable books in the world.
2. The first Bible published at Rome is dated 1471, tnd was
printed by Sweynheym and Pannartz, 2 vols. fol. ; reproduced b\ Andr. Frisner and Sensenschmit at Nuremberg, 1475,
3. The important Venice edition by Fr. de Hailbrun and
Nic.de Frankfordia, 1475, fol. ; the text is ba-sed largely on the Mazarin Bible, while in turn many of the later editions are copied from this.
4. The famous Complutensian Polyglot in six vols, fol.,
1514 and following years ; undertaken by Cardinal Xjmenes, and printed at his expense.! A definite revision of the Vulgate text was undertaken in this edition, partly with the aid of ancient MSS, still more from the Greek ; but with only moderate success.