" So Paul Fabre, La Bibl. Vaticane, p. 56 ; see also Kaulen pp. 401, 402.
t See the art. on the Vulgate in Wetzer and Welte s Kirchen- lexicun ; van Ess, pp. 197 1., 245 n. 1, 408, 421 ; the same author's Pragmatica doct. Cath. Trid. circa Vulg. dtcreti tcnsum, Sull. bach, 1816, pp. 7, 24 ; Kaulen, p. 405 f.
J See van Ess, p. 254 f.
§ His assistant, Angelo Rocca. was so overworked thai !♦ grew ill and nearly died ; see E. Nestle, £m JuiiUdum d. iattim, Bibel, Tubingen, 1S92, p. U.
VULGATE
VULGATE
8S1
prfescriptnm emendnta | e< | a Sixto •y-P-il- \ re- cogiiita et approbata.'
Tliis edition, though nominally tribus tomis dis- tinctn, is really in one volume, and the Jiaging is continuous throughout; it is cited by Wordsworth as ^. In text it resembles the Stei)hens edition of 1540 more than the Hentenian liibles ; but a new system of verse-enumeration was introduced. The inconvenience, however, of a system which dillercd from one which was almost universal in current Latin Bibles no doubt led to this being droiiped in the Clementine edition.
'i he .Sixtine edition waa prefaced by the famous Bull bejitinning with the words: ' Aeternus ille.' This Bull recounted the care with which the pope, and the scholars and divines assisting him, had worked at the preparation of the book — 'ita tamen ut Veterera multis in licclesia al)hinc seculis re- ceptam lectionem omnino retinuerimua ' ; it waa decreed, therefore, that this edition was to be considered as the actual Vulgate, prescribed and pronounced authentic by tlie Council of Trent, and was to be used in all the Churches of the Christian world, ' pro vera, legitima, authentica, et indulntata, in omnibus publicis privatisque disputationihus, lectionibus, pnedicationibus, et explanationibus' (here the Bull goes beyond the decree of Trent, wliieli only asserted that the Vulgate was to be considered authentic ' in jiublicia lectionibus, disputationihus, pnedicationibus et expositionibus'). No future edition was to be published without the express permission of the Apostolic See ; nor was anj' one to print a private or independent edition himself; nor was the .Six- tine edition, for the next ten years, to be reprinted in any other place than the Vatican ; after that time editions might be printed elsewhere, but must always be carefully collated wiih the Sixtine edition, 'ne miuiiiia i^uidem particula mulata, addita, vel detracta,' and must be accomiianied with the otlicial attestation of the inquisitor of the province, or bishop of the diocese, that this was the case ; no variant readings, scholia, or glosses were to be printed in the njargin. Persons di.si)beying these orders, whether editors, printers, or boolvsellers, were, besides the loss of all the books and other temporal puni>hments, to suller the pen.'ilty of the 'greater excommunication,' from which they could not be relieved, ' nisi in artieulo mortis,' save by the iJojie himself.f
Tlie Sixtine edition, however, met the fate of most revised versions, — unpopularity amongst the clergy and laity who were used to unrevised texts, — anil an order in the Bull that the missals, breviaries, et<!., were to be corrected from the Sixtine text, was especially dista.steful. Sixtus, too, had ollended tlie Jesuits by placing one of Bellarmine's booksj on the Index Liljroruin pruliUiUurum ; and Bellarmine, in a letter to Clement Vlll., spoke very strongly in condemna- tion of the Sixtine edition.§ The brief popularity,
• So the Rritiah Museum and Bodleian copies. See van Eaa, pp. a).'i. ZOUn., also Nestle, p. 20 ; but the Oottingen cony ot the liiltle, dccordintf to van b^ (whose statement Prof. Nestle oonllnns), ha) : tiUdia • Sai:ra I Vuitjalx | editionU | Tribxis jomitt \ iiistin'ta] J<om<e ] ICx 'J j/ptxjrajihia Apustnlv-a Vali- cana | miix^; | . rn the seound p.i^re: while the rtrst page has: ItUtlia I ^Sacra \ tnjUgut(K edilionU | Sixti t/uiiUi | J'wit. Max. \ JurmL TCJ:<iiuta ot<)i« edila. Tlicrc may then have been more than one edition ot the Sixtine Bible ; it, loolis, however, as it the tlmt title hail been lost, and then nilcd up by the hinder from the Clementine edition.
A ret''iced facsimile of the Sixtine titlo-poge is given by P. Fabrc, La Bibt. Valicaiw, p. 69.
♦ This Bull is printed at length in Thos. James, Brtlum Papalr. I.ondon. lUlK), and in van Kss, p. 2tm f. ; the most Im- portant parts of it are given in Kaulen, 1^). 44ft -4r)7.
i Df dominin I'ajxe tlirfrlo, ii» which liL-!Iarinine main- tained not the direct, but only the indirect, dominion of ihe pope over the whole world ; sio Thf J'opt and the t'ouncU, nv 'Junus,'1869, p. at.
i ' .Vovit beatitudo vestro, cui se totamque accleslftui dis- VOL. IV.— 56
therefore, that attended it is easily intelligible. Sixtus died in August 151)0. A number of short- lived popes succeeded him; ami in January 15U2 Clement VIII. ascended the throne. In the same year all copies of the .Sixtine edition were called in, and another ollicial edition of the Vulgate was published from the Vatican press, which has ever since been known as the Clemen- tine edition (Wordsworth's C). This edition was accompanied by a preface, written by liellarniine,* which asserted that while the former edition was being printed Sixtus V. had himself noticed many inaccuracies in the printing, and had consequently resolved to recall it and bring out a new edition : he had been prevented by death, but his design waa now at length carried out by his successor, Clement VIII.