An accurate unprejudiced exegesis, however, shows these contentions of Eckardt to be irrecon- cilable with the text. In view of the condition of things described in M'""'", how can the statement that there shall be no more a Canaanite in the liou.se of Jahweh be made to justify the inference tli.at ' the building up of the Kingdom of God sliall be founded on piety of soul ' ? Or how can 14' ' Jahweh's name shall be one ' give rise to the notion that at present Jahweh is worshijiped under a variety of^names? In any case no sujiport to this notion is given by 9', w hich cannot mean that the eyes of the heathen worlil are turned towards Jahweh. 9' alone would sufiice to turn the scale against Eckardt, for in this verse the conversion of the Philistines is to evidence itself (1) by their eating no more of eiouXiOvTa, and (2) by their submitting to the Levitical laws about food, ' for Jahweh removes the abomination be- tween their teeth.' It is beyond question also that in 9" we have not a promise, in contrast with Dt 23'', but a threatening, as the context shows. Eckardt's view is thus shown to be untenable on exegetical grounds.
Literature. — B. O. F. Flu:;^e, Die Weissagitivjtm welcke b€§ d^n iichrijten des Propheten /acfiarias bei/'jftn^'itn simi, etc., 1784; W.Heiigstenberg,£«()-((/;p,i.(1831)3uii'tI., bhrislologU dn A.T.'s III. i.2 p. 327 8.; E. F. J. Ortenherg, Uif Beatandtheil* des Bitches Sacharja, 18J>9 ; B. SUde, ' Deuterozat:harja ' ia ZATtVi. Iff., ii. 151 fl., 273 3. (critiniscd by Kuenen in Under- zoek 2, 55 81-S3] : W. Staerk, Untermcckltiyjeti utter die Kotn- position und AO/assungszeit von Zach. 9-lU, 18H1 ; O. K. Grula- macher, Uiitersuchung iiber den Urxpning der in Sack. i/-J4 vorli^fjenden ProphHien^ 1S92 ; Rubink.im, The Second Part oj the Book of Zachariah, Basel, 1S92 ; Eckardt, 'tier Spntch- gebrauch von Zach. ft-14 ' in ZATW xiii. 76tf., 'Der reli;,'io8e Uehalt," U.S.W., in Ztschr. /iir Theol. u. Kirche, iii. oUff. ; A. K. Kuiper, Zackarja ix-xio, eene exeqetisch-critiache atutlie^ 189-1 ; T. K. Cheyne, JQR. 18S8, pp. '76-83 ; Boehmer, ■ Daa Raethsel von Sach. 12-14' in Evang. Kirchenzeiischr. 1901, p. 914 ff. ; on the last chapter cf. Graetz in Ji^R iii. 20811. See also the relevant sections in the OT Introductions of Driver, Cornill, Strack, Konig, Baudissin. \V. NOWACK.
ZECHER (iri).— A son of Jehiel the 'father' of Gibeon, 1 6h S^' (B Zaxoip, A ZaKxovp, Luc. lexp^) ; called in 9" Zechariah.
ZECHRIAS (B Zexp/as, A 'Effpfas, A"V Ezerias), 1 Es S'. — Azariah, a priest in the line of Ezra, Ezr 7'.
ZEDAD (iy$ [the name occurs only with .i locale, n'l'is]). — One of the points mentioned in defining the Northern border of the Promised Land in Nu 34', and again in Ezekiel's ideal picture, Ezk 47'^. The reading is uncertain, the Sam. having in Numbers mns ; LXX in Numbers, B and Luc. ZapddaK, A Zadd3aK, F 2d5daK ; in Ezekiel, BA ^(Xda/jifia. If the reading lis is followed, the site ia unknown ; for, as Dillmann points out, the Sadad, on the road from Riblah to ^iaryaten (accepted by Wetzstein, Miihlau, Furrer, et al.), is much too far to the east and north. If we read tim, as we should probably do, the place may perhaps be identified (so van Kasteren, RB, 1895, p. oU) with Khirbet Seradd, N. of Abil, E. of Merj 'Ajdn, towards Hermon.
ZEDEKIAH (5n;p-ix, .i.-p-is only in 1 K 22", Jer 27''- '28' '29^ ' righteousness of J" ' ; LX.\ i:eoeKii, -(3eKLat, ZeSeKioii ; A'^ulg. Sedecias). — 1. Son of Chenaanah, and one of Ahab's four hundred court prophets (1 K 22'i- "•^- ==, 2 Ch W- ^- "). When Jehoshaphat demanded that a prophet of J" should be consulted about the proposed expedition to Kamotli-gilead, Zedekiah came forward in that character in order to forestall Micaiah ben-Imlah. He produced horns of iron and apparently pre- sented them to Ahab as from J", with a Divine commission : ' Thus saith the Lord, With the.se shalt thou push the Syrians, until they be con- sumed.' He maintained his attitude in the pres- ence of Micaiah, and ventured to insinuate a doubt as to the source of the inspiration of the latter : ' Which way went the spirit of the Lord from me to speak unto thee?' The sharp retort in wliich Micaiah reaffirmed the coming defeat of Israel does not seem to have weakened the infatua- tion of the two kings. Tfie lying spirit prevailed.
Joseplms {Ant. vni. xv. 4) embellishes this story, and trans- j^osos the incidents of it. lie puts a speech to Ahab into Zedekiaii's mouth, in which he tries to prove Micaiah t<3 be a fal^e prophet because of his disagreement with Elijah as to the place of Ahab's future death, and concludes by proposing a practical test : ' When struck by me, let him injure my hand as Jadaos dried up tlic right hand of king Jeroboam when he wished to arrest him.' Zedekiah then smites .Micaiah, and oi nothing happens to him, Ahab is convinced. The incident of the iron horns follows.
2. A prophet, one of the captives deported to Babylon with Jehoiachin. He and another, named Ahab, are denounced by Jeremiah (29'^'"^) for gross immorality as well as for falsely prophesying a speedy restoration from Babylon. It was probably tlieir action as political agitators that brought on them the cruel punishment of being masUd in the tire by order of Nebuchadrezzar. Jeremiah