ZEMARAIM (D:";?i). — A city of Benjamin, appar- ently in the vicinity of Bethel, Jos 18"* (B i^apd, A Zftiplfi, Luc. ~a/iaptlfi). It prob. gave its name to Mt. Zcmaraim ('s in, t6 6pot Zo/jLopuf), in the hilloouLUj of Kphraim, 2 Ch 13', from which the
Chronicler makes Abijah harangue Jeroboam and his army. It is generallj' identified with es-Sumra to the north of Jericho (PEF Mem. iii. 174, 212 f.; Bulil, GAP ISO, et al.); but Dillm. [Jos. ad lor.) doubts the correctness of tliis, holding that the place (see Berth, on 2 Ch 13') ouglit to be .sought to the south of Bethel, and not far to the east where es-Sumra lies.
ZEMARITE (nes).— Name of a tribe said to be one of the sons of Canaan and placed between Arvad and Hamath, Gn 10'8=1 Ch V^iAZatiapatos, E [in Gen.] ~atiapeios). The name seems akin to Zemaraim of Jos 18--. The Arabian geographers mention several places with similar names ; but the juxtaposition of this name with Arvad suggests comparison with Sumur of the Tel el-Amarna tablets, in which the two names figure more than once side by side. So 1.50. 59 (ed. \\ inckler) : 'The people of Arvad have made a treaty to take awaj' Tyre ; Tyre they could not conquer, but Suuiui they did conquer.' From 81. 13 it appears to li.ive been a port, and is identified by ^V inckler with Botrys. In the fragmentary narrative contained in these tablets it appears to have been repeatedly taken, destroyed, and rebuilt. A jjlace named SimjTa, considerably to the north of Botrys, is mentioned Ijy the classical geographers (Strabo, XVI. ii. 12 ; I'liny, HX v. 77 ; Ptol. v. xv. 4), and was supposed by Michaelis to retain a trace of the name given in Genesis (so also Schrader, KAT' 105 ; Dillm. Gen. ad loc, et al.).
D. S. Margoliouth.
ZEMIRAH (n-;-ct)._A son of Beclier, 1 Ch 7' (B 'AfjiapiaSj A Zafxapias, Luc. Zapiaptd).
ZENAN See Zaanan.
ZENAS (ZTj^-as).— In Tit 3" St. Paul exhorts Titus to bring or, more probably, send forivard (rrpOTre/ii/'oi') on their journey Zenas and ApoUos with great care {aTovSaiai), that nothing may be wanting to them, and describes Zenas as riv voiiinii', i.e. ' the lawyer.' This may mean a lawyer in the secular sense, but more probably one skilled in the Jewish law (cf. Lk T"" 11«14»). Just above, the same word is used about disputes concerning the Law (Tit 3' ' But avoid . . . striv- ings about the law, /idxas fofUKas ').
A. C. Headlam.
ZEPHANIAH. — 1. The prophet. See Zi:i'HA- NlAll, BdOK OF, where also the name is discussed. 2. A Kohatliite, mentioned among the ancestors of Heman the singer (1 Ch C^""). 3. Son of Maaseiah the priest in Jerusalem in the time of Zedekiah the king and Jeremiah the prophet. He belonged to the court party opposed to making any terms with Babylon, and inclined to trust to the help of Egypt. Though thus opposed to the policy of Jeremiah, he showed a good disposition towards the prophet by letting him see the letter which he had received from Shemaiah in which Zeph. was urged to stop every mad prophet, and was called in question for not having rebuked Jeremiali for prophesying that the Babylonian captivity would continue (Jer 2i)'-'*- -"'). He was sent by Zedekiah to Jeremiah to ask of the Lord through His projihet deliverance from Nebuchad- nezzar, and carried back God's message to the king. He was then sent again to inquire as to the pro- posed league with Egypt (Jer 21' 37'). As ne.\t in rank to Seraiah, grandson of Hilkiah (1 Ch C"), Zeph. is called second priest, ^(^^^(ri) [ri3 (2 K '25"). On the occasion of the final overthrow of Jerusalera by Nebuzaradan, in B.C. 587, Zeph. was taken, along with Seraiah and others, down to the king of Babylon at lliblah, and was there put to death. i. The lather of one Josiah, into >\hose house in
974 ZF.PIIANIAH, APOCALYPSE OF
ZEPIIA^'IAH, LOOK OF
Jerusalem the messengers from the Jews remain- in;; in Haliylon went (Zee G'"- "). As this occurred some sixty-seven years after the death of the son of Maasoiah, there is not much probability in the suggestion that he may be identical with the father of Josiah. It is not, however, by any means impossible. J. Macphekson.
ZEPHANIAH, APOCALYPSE OF. — A Jewish apocryphon, probably similar in contents to the Ascension of Isaiah. It is named in each of the two lists of OT apocrypha tliat have come down to us, viz. the Stichometry of Nicephorus, and an anonymous list found in Codex Coislinianus, and three other codices (Schiirer, i/'J/' II. iii. 125 tl'.). The only extract known is given by Clemens Alex, in his Stromatn, V. xi. 77, where, after quoting from Moses, Euripides, and Plato to the eti'eet that true worship does not require material temples, he says: 'Are not these (sayings) like tliose of Zephaniah the prophet? " And the spirit of tlie Lord took me and brought me up into the fifth heaven and showed me angels called lords . . . dwelling in temples of salvation and singing praise to God, ineffable, most high."' The occu- pants of the fifth heaven are named also in Ascen- sion of Ixaiah, A?-"- ; Slav. Enoch, 18' ; Testaments, Levi, iii. 3 ; Chagigah, 126.