Of versions made from the Latin Vulgate may be mentioned —(1) the Bible of Quiroga (Escur. MS 4), given by Cardinal Quiroga to Philip 1. In this the order of the books is that of the Vulgate ; and the Apocryphal books, not in the Hebrew, are translated; (2) a translation made for Alphonse V., king of Arragon (1416-1458). This MS contains the books from Proverbs to the Apocalypse ; (3) a translation made by Martin de Lucena (about 1450) of the Gospels and St. Paul’s Epistles contained in Escur. MS 11, a MS now lost ; (4) a translation (in Escur. MS 7) of the books from Ly 7-2 Kings.
4, The earliest printed edition of any part of the Spanish Bible is that of the Pentateuch printed at Venice in 1497, which was the work of Spanish Jews exiled from their native country. By far the most important and the best known of the
early Spanish Bibles is the so-called Bible of
Ferrara, which contains the whole OT except Lamentations, and was the work of two Portu- euese Jews, Duarte Pinel and Jerome de Vargas. It is not really a new translation, but only an editing of the old revision made with reference to the Hebrew. ‘The translation, we are told, leaves much to be desired in respect of elegance and correctness, and is often inexact and full of Hebraisms. Some corrections were made in later editions, of which there have been very many between 1611 and the present day, published in many cases at Amsterdam. Besides the Bible of Ferrara, there have been many Jewish versions of the whole or parts of the OT: thus Plaine men- tions three editions of the Pentateuch at Amster- dam, six versions of the Psalter (between 1625 and 1720), a translation of the Song of Songs, of the ‘First Prophets,’ of the Hagiographa, and of Tsaiah and Jeremiah.
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5. Translations made by Catholics in the 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries are comparatively unimportant. The Council of Trent prohibited the reading of the Bible in the vulgar tongue, and one of the rules of the Inquisition was stringent in the same direction. It was not till 1757 that Benedict xiv. permitted the reading of the Bible in the language of the country under certain con- ditions; and fifteen years later, in 1782, the Spanish Inquisition gave similar permission. Moreover, in the 16th cent. at any rate the bulk of the Catholic theology of Spain was written not in Spanish but in Latin. For the most part, therefore, the efforts of Catholics in regard to Bible translation were confined to those parts of it which had a place in the liturgy, and several of these attempts were never printed. Of the Gospels, four complete or partial translations are recorded. The first is a translation of the liturgical Gospels and Epistles by Montesiro, which was printed at Madrid in 1512; the second is an anonymous translation of the four Gospels, contained in MS Escur. I. j. 9, but never printed, which is not dated, but is later than the Complutensian Bible of 1514-1517 which it uses ; the third is a translation by a Benedictine, John de Robles, made in 1550 which is found in MS Escur. H. i. 4, but was never printed ; the last is a translation of St. Matthew and St. Luke by Siguenza. Of the Psalms there were several trans- lations, including one by Villa, a Benedictine of Montserrat, which was afterwards put on the Index; another by Cornelius Snoi, published at Amsterdam in 1553. The Sapiential books also found many translators, including the famous Louis of Léon, an Augustinian who translated the Book of Job. There was also a version of the Apocalypse by Gregory Lopez, which was published after his death.
6. More important were the Protestant trans- lations. The earliest of these was the version of the Psalter by Juan de Valdes, a Lutheran, the MS of which is at Vienna. This was not published till 1880. ‘To the same translator belongs the version of Romans and 1] Corinthians, printed at Venice in 1536 and 1557. The first published Spanish NT was the work of Francis of Enzinas, printed at Antwerp in 1548, and reprinted many times later. Another version, regarded by some as a model of Castilian style, was the translation of the N'T from the Greek, and the Psalter from the Hebrew, the work of Juan Perez of Pineda, who fled to Geneva to escape the Inquisition. The first published edition of the whole Bible is the Biblia del Oso, so called from the bear which appeared as the frontispiece. This was the work of Cassiodore de Reina, a distinguished Hellenist, and occupied twelve years. The OT portion was probably little more than a translation of the Latin version of Pagninus. It is regarded as a satisfactory transla- tion, and was published at Basle in 1567-1569. The edition by Cyprian de Valera (Amsterdam, 1602) was practically only a revision of the work of Cassiodore.
7. In the period after 1782, when the Inquisition revoked the prohibition against reading the Bible in the vulgar tongue, a number of Catholic trans- lations appeared of the Psalms, Sapiential books, and Gospels. Only two of these Catholic versions are important. The first is the work of Philip Scio, afterwards bishop of Segovia, and was pub- lished at Valencia in 1791-1793. A second edition was published at Madrid in 1795-1797. This trans- lation is based on the Vulgate, and is on the whole ‘correct and elegant, though sometimes lacking in clearness and exactness, and more often in warmth and life.’ As the first complete version by a Spanish Catholic it was received with enthu- siasm, and went through many editions. But the