DIDACHE
DIATESSARON 451
set out above in A. ii., we are struck by the high prestige of the full Didache for more than two centuries. Only this can explain the way in which it is used, and even cited, as in de Aleatoribus. So with the influence it exerts on far later works, whether as their basis in one degree or another (Didascalia and Apost. Const., Athanasius and pseudo-Athan.), or as an archaic writing of such repute as to call for an equivalent * more in keep- ing with current ecclesiastical usages (Apostolic Church Order). Its very rivals witness to its lasting acceptance. If it be not representative of sub-Apostolic Christianity, it is hard to see by what objective criteria any of the ‘ Apostolic Fathers’ is to gain that credit.
LITERATURE.—Of the enormous literature connected with the Didache, full accounts will be found in the following: Schaff, The Oldest Church Manual, New York (8rd ed. 1889), contain- ing a catalogue raisonné of books and articles down to March 1889; A. Ehrhard, Die Altchristliche Litteratur und thre Er- forschung von 1884-1900, Erste Abteilung, Freiburg im. Br. 1900, where, besides a full list of publications, an estimate of their general outcome is given by this liberal R. OC. scholar.
Typical editions.—Bryennios, Adexyy ray dddEexu erorroAmy, Constantinople, 1883; Harnack, in Texte u. Untersuch. m1. i. ii. (including O. von Gebhardt’s ‘Anhang’ on a Latin fragment) ; Hilgenfeld, NT extra canonem, etc. (Leipzig); Wtinsche (Leip- zig); Hitchcock and Brown (New York); 8S. Orris and others (New York); de Romestin (Oxford : the most handy edition, with the related texts and a good list of minor literature during 1884); I. Prins, Leiden—all in 1884. P. Sabatier (Paris, 1885) lays just emphasis on the eschatological attitude of the piety re- flected in the Didache, but draws a hasty inference from this
and other early features in assigning it to ‘the middle of the’
first century’; Schaff (as above), 1885, 1886, 1889; R. Majocchi (Milan, 1885, Modena, 1887, 1893); Spence (London, 1885); C. Taylor (Cambridge, see below), 1886 ; Harnack, Die Apostellehre u. die jiidischen beiden Wege, Leipzig, 1886 (inspired by Taylor’s work) and 1896; Funk, Doctrina duodecim apost., Tubingen, 1887 (with full Prolegomena and the related documents) ; Rendel Harris, London and Baltimore (with photographic facsimile of the MS; the most beautiful of ali editions, and also among the most valuable, giving parallel texts and testimonia at length, and a number of suggestive elucidations, esp. from Jewish sources), 1887; J. Heron, The Church of the Sub-Apostolic Age, etc., London, 1888; E. Jacquier, Paris (with full bibliography), and J. M. Minasi, Rome, 1891; E. von Renesse, Giessen, 1897 ; C. Bigg in ‘Early Church Classics,’ 1898 (S.P.C.K., London) ; Funk, Patres Apostolici, i., 1901.
Latin Version.—At the close of 1900 appeared the full Latin text of the Z7wo Ways, ed. Joseph Schlecht, Friburgi Brisgovie, sumptibus Herder, mcm (a handy edition of 24 pp., the Greek and Latin standing side by side); and more fully, with photo-
raphic reproduction of the Freisingen MS (now in Munich), in Die Apostellehre in der Liturgie der Kathol, Kirche, Freiburg, 1901. Of the Latin version, Harnack has a preliminary esti- mate in Theol. Litztg. 1900, 638-640, and Ladeuze in the Revue @ Histoire ecclésiastique, ii. 97-103; while E. Hennecke rests much on it in his article in the ZNTW ii. 58 ff., on the Grund- schrift of the Didache and its recensions. [The text of Two Ways exists in two lines of transmission, viz. A (known to Hermas) =Lat. Did. and late Egyptian witnesses; and A’=Barn. and Apost. Church Order. But this classification of texts is less likely than that into ‘Syrian’ and ‘ Egyptian’ respectively].
Typical discussions.—Harnack, T'heol. Litztg. 1884; Funk and Krawutzcky in Theol. Quart. (Tiibingen), 1884; Duchesne, Bulletin Critique, 1884; G. Bonet-Maury, La Doctrine des douze apotres (Paris; dates it after 160); Caspari, Luthersk Ugeskrift, Nos. 24, 25; Lightfoot at Church Congress, 1884=Hzpositor, 1885, pp. 6-10, cf. S. Ignatius, i. 739, Philippians (1890), p. 349 ; Massebieau, Revue de ? Hist. des Religions, Sept.-Oct. 1884 ; Zahn, Forschungen zur Gesch. des NT’ Kanons, iii. 278-319 ; Holtzmann, ‘Die Did. u. ihre Nebenformen’ in Jahrb. f. prot. Theol. 1885, pp. 154-166 (regards Did. and Barn. as co-ordinate recensions of an earlier 7’wo Ways or Judiciwm Petri); Langen in Sybel’s Hist. Zeitsch. 1885, 193-214 ; Lechler, Das Apost. u. Nachapost. Zeitalter, Leipzig, 1885, pp. 553-593. Warfield and McGiffert in Andover Review and Bibliotheca Sacra, 1885, 1886; O. F. Arnold in Z. f. Kirchenrecht, 1885 ; and Bratke in Jahrb. f. prot. Theol. 1886,—all contribute to a genea- logical theory of the related documents and types of text. O. Taylor, The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles, with Illustra- tions from the Talmud, Cambridge, 1886 (epoch-making as regards the Jewish character of the Z’wo Ways), also in Ea- positor and Journal of Philology, as cited in the text; A. Chiappelli, Studti di antica letteratura cristiana, Turin, 1887, pp. 21-148; Wohlenberg, Die Lehre... %m threm Verhdltniss
this was lost sight of in the rays of ‘the glory’ about to be revealed. :
*In the Syriac version this is actually called ‘Third Book of Clement: Teaching of the Twelve Apostles,’ which may be its original title. Possibly, too, the idea of the Syrian ‘Testa- ment (Aie6%z7) of the Lord’ owes its name and some of its contents to the Didache.
zum NT Schrifttum, Erlangen, 1888; Harnack, Gesch. der altchr. Lit. i. 86-92 (1893), ii. (Chronologie, 1897) 428ff., in Herzog’s PRES (1896), i. 711-730; N. Biesenthal, Die urchristl. Kirche . . . nach der Did. (Progr.), Insterburg, 1893; P. Savi, La, dottrina degli apostoli, 1893; J. Réville, Origines de VEpiscopat, pp. 234-261, Paris, 1894; L. Iselin, ‘Eine bisher unbekannte Version des ersten Teiles der ‘‘ Apostellehre”’ (Leate wu. Unters. xu. i.), 1895; O. Moe, Die Apostellehre u. der Dekalog im Unterricht der alten Kirche, Gitersloh, 1896 ; QO. Holzhey, Die Abhdngigkeit der Syrischen Didaskalia von der Didache, Munchen, 1898; Funk, Kirchengesch. Abhandlungen, ii. 108-141, Paderborn, 1899 (on basis of earlier articles in Theol. Quartalschriyt ; valuable); A. Ehrhard, op. cit. 1900, 37-68 (an admirable summary); E. Hennecke, /.c. 1901; J. Schlecht, op. cit, 1901 (good summary of results, esp. as bearing on the Lat.); O. Bardenhewer, Gesch. der Altkirch. Lit. i. (1902) 76-86; K. Kohler in Jewish Encyclopedia, iv. 585 ff., London, 1903; P. Drews in NT’ Apokryphen, Tiibingen, 1904, p. 182 ff. J. VERNON BARTLET. DIATESSARON.—