(vii.) Colossians. —12 homilies. For the first time the indications are decisive in favour of Constantinople. Not only is the style considered to be below the average of the other epistles, but the preacher is quite certainly a bishop ; in,Hom. iii. p. 8349 D-F he sits ém roi Opdvov rovrov, to him belongs 7d ris émicxomfs délwua. Hom. vii. con- tains two illustrations drawn from current or recent events: p. 374 F, ‘the man who but yester- day was exalted in the tribunal, who had heralds to proclaim aloud his dignity and crowds of attendants hustling a way for him in the forum,’ who to-day is living deprived of all this pomp and station, can only be the minister Eutropius be- tween his fall at the beginning, and his death at the close, of A.D. 399; p. 375 E, ‘my own city () modus 4) tmuerépa) gave offence to a previous monarch, and he ordered it to be destroyed to the uttermost, inhabitants and buildings alike... but when our neighbours of the city on the coast interceded on our behalf, our citizens went about saying that that intervention was a worse humilia- tion than the destruction of the city would have been’—St. Chrysostom, in fact, is giving his audi- ence at Constantinople the story of the experiences of ‘his own’ city of Antioch after the ‘statues’ riot of A.D. 387. It may be noted that the 2nd and 3rd homilies were preached on successive days : p. 838 A, onjpepoyv dvaBahdopévovs avfprov TotTo mpobetvat det: 343 B, rHmepov drododvar dvarykatoy 7d 8bdAnuwa dmep x0es dveBaddunv. Perhaps the days were Saturday and Sunday.
(vili.) (ix.) Z Thessalonians. —11 homilies; 2 Thessalonians.—d5 homilies. Both sets of homilies appear to be episcopal utterances, and were there- fore preached at Constantinople: cf. 1 Thess. Hom. x. p. 495 C, kav . . . ris éxxAnolas draydyw 3 THs Kowns eds dmrelpEw: Hom. xi. p. 504 E, brevOuvos éyevounv THs amdvrwv juav mpocracias: 2 Thess. Hom. iv. p. 583 E, add, dyoly. . . od dkwols roy Nady Umep Too tyouuévou mapacahelv, p. 585 E, iets Shuov Tocovrov mpocorares, cf. p. 536 BC.
(x.) (xi.) 1 Limothy.—18 homilies; 2 Timothy.
* The most definite words of all, rarip siui (p. 272 D), do not, however, appear in Field’s text.
t According to F'. Loofs’ masterly discussion of this important but obscure writer (Teate und Untersuchungen, iii. 1, A.D. 1887), the treatise contra Nest. et Eutych. was published between 529 and 544, Leontius is not mentioned in the Dictionary of Christian Biography. These passages from Chrysostom are in the Latin version of H. Canisius, Lectiones Antique (re- edited by J. Basnage, Thesawrus Monumentorum, i., Antwerp, A.D. 1725, p. 554), and in the Greek of the important Bodleian MS of Leontius, cod. Laudianus gr. 92B, foll. 550, 56a: but they are omitted (with many others) in Migne’s edition, vol. 86, c. 1809, ‘minuendi voluminis gratia.’
—10 homilies. The supposed inferiority of the style of these homilies led Savile to attribute them, according to Photius’ canon, to the Con- stantinopolitan period. Montfaucon, however, while admitting that on none of the Epistles is it so difficult to decide as on these, considers that the unstinted eulogy of monks in Hom. im 1 Tim. xiv., and the absence of any indication of episcopal position in dealing with the qualifications for the ministry laid down by St. Paul (contrast the passages quoted above on 1 and 2 Thess.), point on the whole to Antioch. The homilies on 1 ‘Timothy are named by Ephraem of Antioch and Leontius of Byzantium; Ephraem (ap. Photius, cod. 229), appealing this time to the teaching of the Fathers on the Unity of Christ’s Person, includes 6 Xpuaé- oTomos Thy pos Trudbeov mpuornv Eepynvetwy éemtoToNny : Leontius (see just above on Philippians) cites from Hom. in 1 Tim. vii. p. 586 B, érevdyn yap dvo picewy . . » oUTw Kal Beds Fv.
(xli.) Titus. —6 homilies. The principle laid down above, that caution must be exercised in interpreting passages which at first sight seem to imply episcopal oversight on the part of the preacher, receives abundant justification in these homilies. For whereas on the one hand Hom. i. p. 735 B speaks of the rarpixd didvova which forbids treating any one 7év dpxouévwv other than gently ‘however much trouble he give us,’ on the other hand Hom. iii. p. 746 C contains an indisputable reference to Christian attendance at non-Christian sanctuaries at Antioch. ‘What must we say of those who keep the same fasts as they do, who observe sabbaths, who go off to places dedicated to their worship, such as the spot at Daphne, the so-called cave of Matrona?’*
(xili.) Philemon.—3 homilies. These homilies appear to present no features suggestive of either Antioch or Constantinople. The majority of critics suppose that the relatively unfinished style is decisive, according to Photius’ canon, for Con- stantinople ; Venables (Dict. Chr. Biogr. i. 533b) even speaks of them as perhaps ‘extemporaneous addresses taken down by others.’ Yet such is the uncertainty of this sort of criterion that Mont- faucon can assert that ‘parem diligentiam et ac- curationem alibi in scriptis eius vix reperias.’
No Latin translation of any part of Chrysostom on St. Paul was known to Cassiodorus when he wrote his summary account of extant commen- taries, de Institutione Divinarum Litterarum, ch. 8; but he possessed a complete set of them in the original Greek, which, as he says, could be translated if wanted—if, that is to say, the Latin commentaries which his library could manage to procure should turn out insufficient. ‘Commemo- ratas tamen epistolas a loanne Chrysostomo ex- positas Attico sermone, in suprascripto octavo armario dereliqui, ubi sunt greeci codices con- gregati: ut si latina non potuerint latiora com- menta procurari, de istis subinde transferatur quod plenissimam poterit prestare notitiam.’ Two things are here worth notice. In the first place, Chrysostom was, for the Latins, the Greek com- mentator par excellence: if Cassiodorus knew of the existence of any others, they were at any rate not in his hands. In the second place, the quality which distinguished Chrysostom in Cassiodorus’ eyes from all the Latins was his ful- ness: there he was in the library, ready to be