ANDREW ('Az/opcas, 'manly'). — In the Synoptic Gospels, Andrew is little more than a name ; but the references to him in the Fourth Gospel are of such a character as to leave ujion our minds a wonderfully clear impression of the manner of man he was, and of the service which he ren- dered to the Church of Christ. Andrew was a native of Bethsaida (Jn 1"), but afterwards sliared the same house (Mk 1=^) at Capernaum (v.=') with his better known brother Simon Peter. By trade he was a fisherman (Mt 4"), but, attracted by all that he had heard or seen of John the Baptist, for a time at least he left his old work, and, following the Baptist into the wilderness, came to be recognized as one of his discijjles (Jn 135- ■'O). A better teacher Andrew could not liave had ; for if from John he iirst learned the exceeding sinfulness of sin, by hiui also he was pointed to the jiromised Deliverer, the Lamb of God, wdio was to take away the sin of the world. And when, accordingly, the Christ did come, it was to find Andrew with a heart ready and eager to welcome Him. Of that first interview between the Lord and His new disciple the Fourth Evan- gelist, who was himself present, has preserved the record (Jn l^-*"), and he it is also who tells us tliat no sooner had Andrew realized for himself the truth regarding Jesus, than he at once went in search of his brother Peter (vv.*'-''-). And thus to the first-called of Christ's disciples (irpwri- \\t;-o!, according to a common designation of Andrew in early ecclesiastical writers) was given the joy of bringing next his own brother to the Lord. The call of James and of John, if they had not been previously sunnuoned, would seem to have followed ; but in none of these instances did this imply as yet more than a personal re- lationship to the Saviour. The actual summons to work came later, when, by the Sea of Galilee, Jesus bade Andrew, along with the same three comjjanions, leave his nets and come after Him (Mt 4'S''). And this in turn was followed shortly afterwards by Andrew's uiipointmeiit to a place in the Apostolic Band (Mt 10="). His jdace, moreover, was a place of honour, for his name always occurs in the first group of four, ami it is witiri'eter and James and .Ii.lin tli:it In- is again associated in the 'privalir iii'inirir- r,, .Icsus re- garding the time of the La^-t 'I liinu- > M '. i:P).
Still more interesting, liiiu.\tr. :i- illustrating Andrew's character, are the l« o occasions on which
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he is si^ecially associated with Philip, the only- other Apostle vho bore a Greek name. The first incident occurred at the Feeding of the Five Thousand, when, in contrast to the anxious, cal- culating Philip, the downright, practical Andrew thouglit it wortli wliile to draw tlie Saviour's atten- tion to tlie lad's little store, even thougli lie too was at a loss as to what it could eti'ect (Jn G'"*''). And the second occurred when to Philip, again perplexed by the desire of certain Greeks (Gentiles, tlierefore) to see Jesus, Andrew suggested that the true course was at least to lay the re(juest before Jesus Himself, and leave Him to decide whether or not it could be granted (Jn 12-""').
After this, with tli(> exception of the incident already referred to (Mk 13^), Andrew is not again mentioned in tlie Gospels, and the only subsequent reference to him in Scripture is the mere mention of his name in Ac 1'^ Tradition, however, has been busy Avith his after-history ; and he is re- presented as labouring, according to one account, in Scythia (Ens. HE iii. 1), whence he has been adopted as the patron -saint of Russia; or, ac- cording to another, in Acliaia. In any case, there is general agreement that he was martyred at Patrce in Achaia, being bound, not. nailed, to the cross, in order to prolong his sufferings. There is, however, no warrant for the belief that the cross was of the decussate shape (X)i as this cross, usually associated with his name, is of a much later date.
A striking: tradition preserved in tlie Muratorian Frafjiytcnt brings Andrew and Jolin together in tlieir old a;,'c as they had been in their youth: 'The fourth Gospel (was writtt-ii li\ ) John, one of the disciples (i.e. Apostles). \\ litii liis ftllo\V- disciples and bishops urgently pressed him, he said, " Fastwilh me [from] to-day, for three days, and let us li-ll one another anv revelation which may he m i I lo n , . ;: . i \..i- or against [the plan of writing)." Ohthif- i ■ i ealed to Andrew,
one of the Ai)ostles, tluit : , i ; ,i'.- all in his own
name, and that all should 1 , nt,)' (see Westcott,
Gospel of St. John, ip. \\x\ . Ih ' , ./ A /' ' ifnon, p. 5:>3).
It is also deserving of mention tliat about 740 Andrew became the patron-saint of Scotlanrl, on-ing to the belief that his arm had been brought by St. Regulus to the town on the East Coast that now bears his name.
The character of Andrew, as it appears in the few scattered notices that we lia\'e of him, is tliat of a simple, kindly man who had the courage of his opinions, as pro\ed liy his biMii^- tlic lii'st of the Baptist's disciples (ijiei'i I y i" l !l. w .1. m; wlio was eager to share with ..ih. ■ | n, i, jcs he