I.ijKiiATniK.— Without attempting to provide a complete l>ililiiiL;raiih\ , it may be worth while to give a list of books that I he present writer has found helpful. Bnnhart's Hierozoicon (ijil. Kr.sniniuller) is encyclo|ia-dic. Tristram's Xatiiml History
i>l the Ilitde in a. mo^t hain\\ inainial la <■ jia-i iiiil accessible
iiifonnation. Eeferenc.s i , : hooks of
Oriental travel: e.i;. Staiili rolanson's
JUIP ; and Thomson's /,-■ ' -i cilition
of Thomson's work in :: i N i . p .11 . l liough
the information is widely scattered and i- i ; > n- i ,..'.
to find). The articles oil natural history ani in
animals in Hastings' DB and the i'dfi/c. £i './. i ; . i
with advantage. The standard ' Li\'es of .Ic^n^ I : i
references to animals incidentally; Ederslunn i^ j., ii iji^ ih- fullest and most reliable. There are some fresh, lhon','h not nlwa\s accurate, observations on the subject in the Life of Jexiis by (.). Holtzmann. Of the many commentaries that ex- pound the passages in the Gospels which concern our subject, the jiresent writer has found vol. i. of the ExposHoi's Greek Testament (' Synoptics ' bv A. B. Bruce, ' St. .lohn ' by M. Dods) most useful. H. G. WoOD.
ANISE.-'
and RV of c
ing'dill'isi
plain, lint in Ivvi't :i ml S.cllici n I .,na.|i.-, I n ^^ Ind. it wii- inili:.:cihin.., ii >- ..llm l-iw,.l -,ny,iu- ^Mi|l in the (a.rnliel.N. it pn-se-^^es \ alnaMe eariiiiri;i- tive properties, and in the East the seeds an; eaten with great relish as a condiment. It is a hardy annual or biennial umbellifer, and grows to a height of one, two, or even three feet. The stem
70
AXXA
ANNOrXCEMENTS OF DEATH
is round, jointed, and striated ; the leaves are finely divided ; the flowers, which are small, are yellow ; the fruits are brown, oval, and flat.
In ]Mt 23^ dill is represented as subject to tithe. That is in strict accord with the provision of the Law (Lv 27*", Dt U^-), and is corroborated by the express statement of the Mishna {3Ta'aserothiv. 5). See, further, art. RuE ; and of. note by Nestle in Expos. Times, Aug. 1904, p. 528>'.
Hugh Duncan.
ANNA ("A^i-a, Heb. njn).— When His parents brought the infant Jesus to the temple to present Him to the Lord, two aged representatives of the OT Churcli received Him with songs of praise, Simeon and Anna (Lk 2-*"). Anna was the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher (v.^*), which, though one of the Ten Tribes of the Dis- persion, was still represented in Palestine. From it some beautiful women are said to have been chosen as wives for the priests (Edersheim, Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah, i. p. 200). Anna was a widow 84 years of age (AV), or more prob- ably (RV) about 105, as 7 years of married life followed by 84 years of widowhood would make her to be. She was a devout and saintly woman, worshipping constantly in the temple, with fast- ings and supplications, night and day : and, like Deborah and Huldah of the OT, she had prophetic gifts. Her desire, like the Psalmist's (Ps 27''), was to dwell always in the house of God, though it is hardly likely that a woman would be allowed literally to dwell within the sacred precincts. Having entered the temple at the same time as Jesus was brought in, she followed up the song of Simeon in similar strains, and spake of the Holy Child 'to all them that were looking for the re- demption of Jerusalem' (v.^). Anna would seem to later times an ideal saint of the cloister, as such stress is laid on her virginity, her long life of widowhood, and her ceaseless devotions. Possibly her name may have had to do with the name Anna, given to the mother of the Virgin ilary, in the Protevangelium of James.
David M. \V. Lairo.
ANNAS ('Az/i/as, Heb. jjii, Hanan, Jos. 'Avavo^, Ananos).—Wis\\ priest of the Jews from a.d. 6 to 15, and thereafter exercising commanding influ- ence through his high priestly rank and his family connexions. The son of one named Sethi, who is otherwise unknown, he was appointed high priest by Quirinius, jirobably in A.D. 6, and exercised that office, which involved political as well as re- ligious headship of the nation, until he was deposed by the procurator Valerius Gratus in A.D. 15 (Jos. Ant. XVIII. ii. 2). The duration of his rule, and the fact that of his sons no fewer than five suc- ceeded him at intervals in the high priesthootl ('which has never happened to any other of our liigh priests'), caused him to be regarded by his contemporaries as a specially successful man (A»t. XX. ix. 1). On the other hand, he incurred in an unusual degree the unjiopularity for which the high priests wero jirnverbinl. In addition to their common fauiN ot .niojanrc and injustice, Annas
was notorious tunityin tlie i It was he, pi ' of the sons •> Temple marU for sacrifices, (Keim, Jesus
which found oppor he Temple worshippers.
t.-iblislipd ihc 'bazaars
-,..'-.'7/, /„■„., Ilr,„r,n),j,
■ ■'! ln:ltr'li:iN rci|uisite
1 1 111- I ciiiiil.- pivcinct llt))ur on llie Mount of
Olives (Derenbourg), the profits of which enriched the high priestly family. Beyond this, the liouse of Annas is charged with the special sin of 'whis- pering' or hissing like vijjers, 'which seems to refer to private influence on the judges, whereby "morals were corrupted, judgment perverted, and the Shekinah withdrawn from Israel " ' (Eders-