M. R. Newbolt.
ARNL — An ancestor of Jesus, according to the genealogy given by St. Luke (3^, AV Aram). In Mt P'- he is called Bam (AV Aram).
ARPHAXAD.— The spelling (in both AV and RV of Lk 3=") of the OT name which appears more correctly in the RV of OT as Arpachshad.
ARREST (Jn 18=-" = Mt 26«-»»=Mk 14«-62=Lk 22«-53)_ — When Judas, withdrawing from the Supper, betook himself to the high priests and informed them that he was ready to implement his agreement (see Betrayal), their simplest way would have been to accompany him back to the upper room and there arrest Jesus. It was, how- ever, impossible for them to proceed thus sum- marily. They had, indeed, the officers of the temple at their command (cf. Jn 7'") ; but those were insufficient, since the Law forbade them to go armed on the Passover day,* and, though Jesus and the Eleven wore defenceless. He was the popular hero, and, should an alarm be raised, the multitude would be aroused and would come to the rescue. Moreover, had they taken such a step on their own authority, they would have offended the procura- tor, Pontius Pilate, who was ever jealous for the maintenance of order, especially at the festal seasons ; and it was of the utmost moment that they should secure his sympathy and co-operation. Accordingly, though doubtless impatient of the delay, they first of all appealed to him and ob- tained from him a detachment of soldiers from Fort Antonia, under the command of a tribune.
The Roman garrison at Jerusalem consisted of a single cohort (.r^Tupci), i.e. 600 men (cf. Schiirer, HJP l. ii. p. 65). Xx/Si,. t»:, trviTpctv (Jn 183) does not, of course, imply that the entire cohort was despatched on the errand. Cf. such phrases as ' call out the military,' 'summon the police.'
Ere all was arranged several hours had elapsed. Jesus had quitted the upper room and the city, but the traitor knew whither He had gone, and led the way to the garden on Mount Olivet, where each night during the Passion-week the Master had bivouacked mth the Twelve in the open (Lk 22*"). It was a motley band that followed Judas. The soldiers would march in order, but the temple- servants, armed with cudgels and carrying lamps and torches, gave it the appearance of a mere rabble (cf. Mt 26^' = Mk 14''»=Lk 22^'). And with the rest, forgetting their dignity in their eagerness to witness the success of their machinations, went
* Mishna, Shahb. vi. 4 ; ' No one shall go out with sword or bow, with shield or sling or lance. But if he go out, he shall be guilty of sin.'
t Lk 22<-52 a-Tfxr-nys] ToS UpaZ, the D'lJD, officials ne.\t in dignity to the priests, charged with the preservation of order in the temple. Cf. Schiirer, UJP il. i. p. 257 II.
When he had guided the band to the garden, Judas doubtless would fain have kept in the back- ground, but he was doomed to drink his cup of degradation to the dregs. It was the business of the soldiers to make the arrest, but they did not know Jesus, and, seeing not one man but twelve, they were at a loss which was He. It was neces- sary that Judas should come forward and resolve their perplexity. Casting shame to the winds, he gave thern a sign : ' The one whom I shall kiss is he. Take him.' Then he advanced and, greeting Jesus with feigned reverence : ' Hail, Rabbi ! ' kissed Him ett'usively.* It was the clima.x of his villainy, and Jesus repulsed him with a stinging sentence. ' Comrade ! ' He cried, in that one word summing up the traitor's baseness ; ' to thine errand.' t Brushing the traitor aside. He stepped forward and demanded of the soldiers: 'Whom are ye seeking?' 'Jesus the Nazarene,' they faltered. 'I am he,' He answered, making per- haps to advance towards them and surrender Him- self; and, overawed by His tone and bearing, they retreated and fell on the ground.
'Unless,* says St. Jerome, J 'He had had even in His c
howeve
; mercenary
fol- arrest Him have fallen to the ground to assume a miracle. Cf. the soldier who came, sword in hand, to kill C. Marius I 'The chamber in which he happened to be lying having no very bright light but being gloomy, it is said that the eyes of Marius appeared to dart a great flame on the soldier, and a loud voice came from the old man : " Barest thou, fellow, to slay C, Marius ? " So the barbarian immediately rushed out, crying : "I cannot kill C. Marius!" '§ It is related of John Bunyan that once, as he was preaching, a justice came with several constables to arrest him. 'The justice commanded him to come down from his stand, but he mildly told he was about his Master's business, and must rather obey His voice than that of man. Then a constable was ordered to fetch him down ; who coming up, and taking hold of his coat, no sooner did Mr. Bunvan fix his eves stedlastly upon him, having his Bible then open in his hand, but the man let go, looked pale and retired ; upon wliich said he to his auditors, " See how this man trenibleth at the word of God ! " ' And John Wesley was once assailed by a gang of ruffians. 'Whichishe'( whichishe'?' they cried, not recognizing him in the press. 'I am he,' said Wesley, confronting ihem fearlessly ; and they fell back and let him go unmolested.