It is a mistake to interpret Mt 5- (' Every one that looketh on a woman to lust after her hatli committed adultery with her already m bis heart ) as a condemnation of marriage ; the context show.-, the meaning to be that to cherish the desire for fornication or adultery is the same thing as com- mitting those sins in the heart. Nor is there any disparagement of marriage in the words, Ihey that are accounted worthy to attain to that world and the resurrection from the dead neitlier marry
1 Co
this saying to be a reminiscence , , , x
ascribed to Christ because of the words not 1, but the Lord' in 7" ; but Clement apparently has our Lord's words in Mt 19'= in view, for a little later in the same chapter he says, ' They who have made tliemselves eunuchs from all sin tor the kingdom of heaven's sake, these are blessed, tliey who fast from the world.'
Clement of Alexandria also refer our Lord and Salome mentioned n to the Ktfvptians' (Strom, iw. vi. 4:. TheuJ. 07). Our Lord is tlitre riii'
of this last (|ilf.tatK.il IS :' 'The Lord Uimself.beiii should come, said. When
atli 1
passa-e:
ording
- ... 1. .Miilr/ Part ,„.,„t ..1 li„iiie, 12t wUuii His kingdom .ne, and the outside c, neither male nor itice must be taken
our Lord spoke in r,f the flesh and the
between death and
• Then I did well in
ly, ' Eat ever.v herb,
It is possible that
•pre-
.ord 1
nor are given in marriage ' (Lk 20^) ; the meaning is showS by the context to be tliat the physical accompaniments of marriage belong to tlie present world, not to the future life, which, as it lias not death, has not birth. Lk 14=" (' If any man cometh unto me, and hateth not his own . . . wife, . . . vea and his own life also, he cannot be my dis- ciple ') refers not to celibacy, but to the general law that a Christian must be prepared to sur- render everything human for the sake of Christ, if called by God to do so, or if such surrender be necessitated by faithfulness to the obligations of the Christian religion. ,,-,,. ^
On the whole, tlicn, the teaching of Christ may be summarized to the effect that (1) marriage is a good state, contemplated as the usual lot, m ordinary Christian life, of those who have not received some special call; (2) celibacy is the subject of a distinct vocation involving dangers and having attached to it high promises. It is probable that the regard paid to celibacy in tlie bliristian Church was based partly on the refer- ences to it in the teachinsj o Christ and part .y on inferences connected witl the fact of His bi th from a virgin. Clement of Alexandria (6<rom. III. XV. 97)quo't.es as a saying o Christ, with the intro- duction 'Tlie Lord says,' the following: He Mo is married, let liim not put away his wife ; and he who is not married, let him not marry; he who with purpose of chastity lias agreed not to a, ^ let him remain unmarried.' bmue have thought
corded in t.^.NT. It ,s -7;-;^,;,-; i -^ri-X^. IT "3T) pointed out, thevdilfc-rVi character from the utterances ;e.o-Sedhrthe authentic Gospels, and the reference to Salome as childless contradicts facts, though, as regards this last point. •Then I did well in not Ijearing' might easily be a copyists niistake for 'Then I should have°done weU if I had not borne •
(ixtx;; .X. •ni:w«. for x^>.Ss <Sv i» i-r.,^<re).
LiTEiiATUBE.-Neandcr. Life of Je^s Christ, S2?4: We Life of the Lord Jesus Christ, ii. 473, 474 ; Stier, ^ioMsofthe Lord Jestts, iii. 13-18 ; Edersheim^ Life and Tv,M of -(e^the Messiah, ii. 336, 336; Dalman Words ofJesics, PP- If. 1^.' Alford on Mtl9"i2; Knabenbauer on Mt 1912; D.vkes, ilfom- festoofthe King, p. 245 fl.; \yendt,Teaehing_of Jesus, i. 352£E.,'ii. 73ff. ; Martensen, Christian Ethtes, 111. (-46.
' Darwell Stone.
CELLAR.— Used only once in the Gospels, in Lk 1P^ where KV gives 'cellar' for AV 'secret place,' following the correct reading xpffTV, a vault ' ' crypt,' or ' cellar,' not Kprnrdv, hidden. Josephus uses the same word t:piTrrn,ya. a wa.y to make its meaning very clear: 'They set a tower on fire, and leapt into the cellar beneath
Abundant proof is forthcoming from the exa- mination of tlie ruins of many ancient tastern houses, from allusions in the Bible (cf. 1 Cli 27"- =») and in other writings of the tunes, as well as from modern dwellings in the East which are typically Oriental, that many ancient houses ^y.ere Foyided with 'cellars beneath,' and that ordinarfly these ' cellars' were used as store-houses rather than as dAvelling-places. •,,,,•>,• t\ v„i.(- «f
Lookfng at the passage Lk 11^ in the light of the connexion in which we find it m Mt 5 and ]Mk 4=', the idea is that a course of conceal- ment on the part of Christians is unreasonable, and contrary to the Divine design Christians are 'the light of the world,' the lirfit by which .the mass of mankind may see the tilings of religion. As such they cannot escape observation if tliey would, and they should not wisli to escape it if thov c'mM for this would be contrary to the very i„ii|i.i r ,,| (ii.a in making them sources of light. Til' ,iniv,',~..nal.leness of sucli a course, from cow ir.li. o c.v any other motive, is what is set forth in tliis -ind the otlier significant figures used by our Lord : ' No man, when he hath lighted a lamp, puttetli it in a cellar, neither under a busliel, or a lied (Mk ), but on a lamp-stand, that they winch come in may see tlie light.' The very purpose m lighting the lamp is tliat men may see it, or see by it Is it, then, to be put in the cellar, where people do not live, or under a buslicl or a bed, where it 1 would be obscured'; Is it not ratlier to be put on