• In the Latin text (05= 114. 7) the name is spelt ' Chorazin,' not * Chorozain," as stated in Encyc. Bibl., where also the modern name KeruZfh is once spelt with ^, as if it were p.
t Among the niighlv works done in Bethsaida the feeding of the 5000 is certainly to be reckoned (Lk QIO" , where iTicfnr^t; of V.12 is to be explained from Br9»-oti5i=or«.- iT,riT,ri.uZ [OS 174. 7, 18S. 75]). Hence- it is t.-iiii.tiiis; f) liiid .,iic- of the mightv works done at Chorazin !M ;■ " . I- ihmukl in iii.
land of the Geraseues or i. i • , . r , -i
name with Chorazin. Inn •" i
present writer suggestea ' '* i' '
snine in that story may !«' I : i ,1 n .m. IIk (,
el-chimir or Tell abu-l-ch;n;:r. Tlie plur.il of cl,iii-n (su in.) in chanazir, of which Chvrazin might be a transposition.
in Lk 23^* we have ' the Messiah of God, the Elect.' Elsewhere the evidence is more doubtful. 6 e/tXexTds Tou 0eov occurs in Jn 1** in J** 77, 218, Syr Sin Cur e, and is adopted by Burkitt, Evangelion Da- Mcpharrcshe, ii. 309. Lastly, 'approved Son' Ls given by Syr Sin in Jn 3'* for rod fiovoyevov^ wioO Tov dead. St. Mark and the editor of the First Gospel after him seem to have avoided the o exXcKTis fiov of the LXX (Is 42') in their accounts of the Baptism and Transfiguration, and to have fallen back on a Christianized version of Is 42' preserved for us in Mt 12'*"-', in which 6 dyatrriTds fiov had taken the place of 6 c/cXeKTor nov of the LXX.
Connected A\-ith the use of this title of the Jles- siah in the Gospels is the qtiestion >i.s to the mean- ing of the aorist dSSKriaa in Mk l" = Mt 3"=Lk 3*'. Bacon (Joum. Theol. Lit. xvi. 136-139) nrge.s that this means ' (on whom) I fixed my choice,' i.e. ' whom I elected,' and refers in the thought of the Evangelist to the Bi\-ine election of Christ by God (cf. AJTh ix. 451 If.). So far as the First Gosjjel goes, there is much to be said for this. AVe might bring togetlier the following passages 3" 17° if v cuS6kt](T(i, 11*' TTCLVTa fioi TrapedoSri VTrb tou trarpos fiov, 28" (56dr) HOI waaa eiovaia iv oupavif Kal (irl yijs, and possibly the ^Xflor of 5" 9" lO*' and the ' sending ' of 10« 15°-^, as all in the mind of the Evangelist referring to the Di\'ine choice, endowment, and mission of the eternally existing 'Son' (cf. 11") into the world. To these should be added the citation in 12'* 'Behold my son (servant?) whom I adopted, my beloved in whom my soul was well pleased,' where the aorists are most easily ex- [ilained as expressing the Divine selection and ap- pointment of the Messiah in a pre-temporal period. In the thought of the Evangelist, Jesus, bom of the Virgia by the Holy Spirit, was the preexistent Messiah ( = Beloved) or Son (11^) who had been forechosen bv God (3" 1''^), and who, when born into the world as Jesus, was ' God-with-us ' (1^). In this respect the writer of the First Gospel shows himself to oe under the influence of the same con- ception of the Person of Christ that dominates the Johannine theology, though this conception under the categories of the Lo(/os and the Divine Son is worked out much more fully in the Fourth than in the First Gospel. On the other hand, terms such as ' choice,' ' adoption,' which at an early period seem to have been borrowed from the Jewish Mes- sianic doctrine to express it, and which survive here and there in the Synoptic Gospels and in the Acts (cf. 9~ [Fl. Gig.] and 2 P 1") are absent from St. John. Such terms were probably gradually dropped out of use because they could he used to support the \'iew of the adoption of the man Jesus to be the Son of (iod, which they certainly did not originally express. W. C. Allen.
CHRIST. — See Atonement, Authority of Christ, Birth of Christ, Dates, Death of Christ, Messiah, Person of Christ, Preaching Christ, etc. etc
CHRIST IN ART.— i. Symbols.— The representa- tion of Christ by means of sjTnbols is not earlier than that by means of pictures. There are found in the Catacombs at Rome at the commencement of Christian art not only the Fish symbol, but also pictures of the Good Shepherd, ancf of our Lord in certain Gospel scenes, all before the middle of the 2nd cent. ; and of these the Good Shepherd carrj'- in\! a ^lieeji occurs in the Catacomb of Domitilla lif-fuif till' I'lid ijf the 1st century. It will be, how- . ,. !. . niivciiii-iit to begin with the Symbols, pro- . r.iliim tlunic through the Types to more direct lei.resentationsuf Christ.
1. The Fish was the most popular symbol of our
CHRIST IN ART
CHRIST IX ART
l^ord ill the middle of the '2nd cent., and continued so till the end of the 4th, when it suddenly went out of use. More than i me oauso made it so general. Originating as an acrostic (the Greek word for ' fish," IXeXS, standing for 'Itjo-oOs X^iuris, Geou Ti6s, SuT-^p), it formed a most convenient secret sign among the Christians, heiug readily understood by the initiated as represcuting Christ in the fulness of His divinity. It carried witli it also the thought of the sacramental feeding upon tlie Son of God, which is so prominent in early Christian art : e.g. the two paintings in tlie crypt of Lucina, which belong to the middle of the'ind cent., and repre- sent two baskets of bread, each containing a glass cup of wine and resting upon a fish. The earliest known representation of this symbol is even more significant: it occurs in tlii> Fnn-tin Funis fresco, recently discovered by W ilpnl in the Catacomb of Priscilla, which belo'n-s i.i ilic liruiniiing of the 2nd cent., and is a iiicluirof u piimilive celebra- tion of the Comniuniim, sc\ en people are seated at a table on w hicli lie live loaves, two lishes, and a two-handled mug, \\ hilo the bishop or president at the end of the Uiiih- is in the act of breaking a loaf. In this deeply interesting ijicture of the Eucharist we see a further reason wliy the Fish symbol was felt to be ap[)ropriate ; it carried the mind to the miracle of the loaves and lishes, which was an early type of the Eucharist because of Jn 6'-''-'. The Fish symbolizes not only the Euchar- ist, but the sacrament of Baptism as well ; this is brought out by the common representation of a fish as swimming in the water (see below under ' Sym- bolic Scenes'). 'We little fishes,' .says Tertul'lian {de Bcipt. i.), 'after the example of our Ichthus Jesus Christ, are born in water.' Cf. St. Clement below, under ' Other Symbols.' This double sym- bolism is tersely expressed in the 2nd cent, inscrip- tion of Abercius recently discovered liy Ramsay at Hierapolis:— '. . . everywhere was faith my guide, and gave me everywhere for food the Ichthus from the spring.'