In such utterances as these, which might be easily multiplied, although they fall very far short of the language of the Church and the Creeds, we mark how tlie interest of thoughtful minds in Germany, America, France, England is centred in the Person of Christ, and how also many of these writers whom we have mentioned admit that there was a relationship between Jesus and the Father so intimate as to be, if not metaphysical, yet at all events unique, and that this is conceded by critics who would depreciate St. Luke's opening narrative of the Gospel histonr or St. Peter s con- fession at Csesarea Philippi (Mt 16'").
And as we listen to such utterances, sometimes full of hoiie and confidence, sometimes full of pathos and tender religious feeling, we are con- scious that the old question, 'Lord, to whom shall we go? 'has not lost its interest for tlie world or for ourselves, and we thankfully recognize the acknowledgment rendered even by the spirit of criticism and inquiry, as it searches into the will and the teaching of Him who alone is tlie Revealer of the Father, 'Thou hast the words of eternal life.'
LiTERATBRE.— Lichtenberger, Ilist. nf („■;•„,. 77/.,^ /» i:iili Cent., Eng. tr.; MUl, Mythical Intn-r''''"i'"n .,( (/» '.„ 7»v ; Pfleiderer, Development of Thcobufii, i.^rmmn/ <!/i'l ny.ut Britain; J. E. Carpenter, The BMr i,i ih,' \,n.i,n,ih (,„- tury; N.ash, Iliit. of the. Ilifjher Cnli,-,\w: Mnl,,^ ,1. .I,,;.
the Stitdi/ of Germ. Theol.; Fairbairn, 77
Tlir Piuphct of AltJinU Litt 1, and 1/ A htply to Harnack < \\ alther. Ad Hamack lichf. iTemeindegepruf! tr Orr, Christ I teu t hxt ut,ni and Ciilico KeiMhlc Thecl iind i der F rde Ul Heft 3 i
,h. p n«
/ ! I I irvit / f htian Thi I ^jy Jill n\j ch boderblom, Rtluionen
hill ii^n-^qe^ch I otkbbucher and othtr nei as e 7 Der Ursprung deg Bud and W elche Rebgion bitten die Juden nllinaiin houssft DieReligion%esi_h
hi'ni hfiii luh l'»04 and following
Imprtssions of Chnstiamt} from the point of Chri-tian Eebgions HMert Journal, Juh inii, niiniUrs FameW, Evolutton of Religion Jordan, hihiun, Chejne, Bible Problems , WestLott, t I t \\ace Chnstiamty and Agno-.tict'.m h a and Riiilaiwn, Swete, The Tcachmq I
ar // f hn tolngy of JeSllS , Godet, DttiU in I I Ih 1 ML tr , Row, The Jelus of the tian Lrn 1/ / t h and the Christian Messiah 11 / / 1 Hcnnecke, Ncutest Apokri/phin,
SLhu
• Moderi
View of Jesus,'
! 1 ^ Robinson ^tiidy of the Gospels , Cifed and the thriitian Idea of Sm, li Headlain, Critical Questions, 1903 , ((.•^p tho<;e b\ Chase, Mason, Foakes llu A T (St Margaret 8 Lectures), 1903 ,
of Chi
irdno
4 Htitoncnl
Moffatt Hntm al \T , von geschichte , Gamble, Chnst ai «■( I'Eghte, and Autmir d un , to Loisj), J^stis Messie et I T A Lace>, Harnack an I Lehre Jeau
Farrar, Crit. Hist.
der netiestcn Theol.;
pt. 2 ; C. L. Broun, ' Protest. Crit. of NT in IJernianv,' Inter- preter, vol. ii. No. 1 ; W. Adams Brown, The Essence nf Christi- anity; %Veinel,JesvsiinneunzehntenJahrhundert; N. Schmidt,
* In this book (p. 88) Wendt speaks of the Gosptl Christian piety which has no analogy in other religioi the sigDificance of salvation by Jesus Christ is found in H lation, as perfect Son of God, of God's fatherly love, and powerful impulse which He ha^ exerted on men to dra Ulto this blessed <;on-.|ri' T!m^ O^pr) f- pn hr- kIH ■, hi its expression in \!.. -'..h. r Mm - ii, r,,.,i ■. 1..: |.,--i..^ Pauline letter'^, rr 1 • i r ■ ti. , ^j
which Wendt rr-^,n.l. ..: :im .1 i|
stood nearest tM.l.-ii~, tin m. -t li.,iMtiiiil i.<nr<l >'\ ; directly inspired by His words and liiL".
Theot h II \| 1 I 1 1 ^11(1 f..llo«,„i;
Luthardt ( If \ t i \y ..-17u. <.
VMhom, Das Leben r Da lilhni „ 11 , \.
dePteasensi, JiSUS Cfin I n 4 \miil ale tion, /( f/iiisfo
delta StoriaedcllaScnltiau IJi \isLln,r, Jtsus und Paulus ' in Theol. Rundschau, April, Maj , Ijns , Feme, Jems und Paulus ; Deissmann, ' Lv angehum und Urchristentum ' in Beitriige zur KeitenntuicUung der Religion, 1905; M. Dais, The Bible. See, further, books mentioned above, and in artt. BiRTU OF Christ, Gospels, etc.
R. J. Knowung. CROSS-BEARING.-For the historical
of the literal cross, see CRUCIFIXION. The English word ' cross' is from the Latin eiiix through the French croix, Old French and Middle English eroi«. But fftoAjpci (from 'itrrvf-i-i') is not synonymous with crux, but was originally a wider term, and, like irzoko^if, meant a stake (Honi., Herod., Thuc, Sen.). In the NT, however (not present in LXX), it is used only in the sense of crux.
This article deals only Mith the figurative uses of the term in the Gospels or in relation to the death of Christ on the cross as interpreted in the Acts and Epistles. For the archieological and magical histoi-y of the sign of the cross outside as well as within the pale of Christianity, see Zijckler's Das Kreuz Christi (1875 [Eng. tr. 1878]), Goblet d'Alviella's Migration of Symbols (1894), and his art. 'Cross' in Hastings forthcoming Dictionary of Religion and Ethics. The true mysticism in the cross of Christ as conceived by St. 1 '.ml comes properly before us.