DIDRACHM.-See Money.
DIDYMUS — The alternative name of the Apostle Thomas, given in three passages in the Fourth Gospel (Jn 11^^ 20-^ 21- Gw^as 6 Xeyd^evos Aidvixos). The adj. SiSv/ioi is regular Greek from Homer onwards, with the meaning ' twofold ' ; hence dldv- ynos as subs. = ' a twin.' Alov/xos is the translation, a.s ew/tas is the transliteration, of NCNn = cxfi 'a twin.'
"Why St. John calls special attention to this name is not clear. Westcott suggests that Thomas may have been familiarly known in Asia Minor among the Gentile Christians as Didijniiia. Jn 4-' ('Messiah . . . which is called Christ') shows that Thomas was not called Didymus as an additional name. See THOMA.S. E. H. Titchmaush.
DINNER {&pi<xTOP, MtS^i, Lk IP* [KVm 'break- fast'] 14'-). — In the East there is no meal properly corresponding to our breakfast. Even the guest is allowed to depart in the morning without 'bite or sup.' Eating and drinking early in the day are held to be marks of effeminacy and self- inchilgeiice, and are regarded as bad for the system. Many, csinTially when on a journey, are content with OIK/ meal in the twenty-four hours, taken .■iftrr snnsi't. In general, however, a light meal is eaten about the middle of the clay, r<Misi^tiiiu of
bread, olives, fruit, ^e6c«{sour cunlrcl id ilk), . I <r,
etc._; but the principal meal is in tho oiniinL:. Eating at other times is quite casual ami infoi iii.al. It is probably correct to say that in NT dptarov and SeTirvov correspond respectively to our luncheon and dinner. See, further, art. Meals.
W. EwiNG.
DISCIPLE 1. In the NT ' disciple ' (sing, and
plur.) occurs very frequently in the Go.spels and Acts, but not elsewhere in NT. In every case it represents the Gr. Mae??T7)s = (l) ' learner,' ' pupil,' in contrast to 'teacher,' as Mt lO^^ ; and (2) 'ad- herent,'one who is identified with a certain leader, or school, and adopts a corresponding line of con- duct, as Mk 21S ' Why do John's disciples and the disciples of the Pharisees fast, but thy disciples fast not ? ' cf. Jn 9-* ' Thou art his disciple ; but we are disciples of Moses.' Our Lord Himself points to and discourages a loose use of the term ' disciple,' according to which it meant no more than ' hearer,' when He says, ' If ye abide in my word, then are ye truly my disciples ' (Jn 8^'; cf.
His statement of the conditions of discipleship, Lk 14'-«- ='• »2 and Jn IS*). As used by the Evau- uilists, 'disciples' has sometimes a broader and sometimes a narrower significance. For the former, see Lk 6'^- " ' a great multitude of his disciples,' Ac 6- 'And the twelve called the multitude of the disciples unto them,' cf. 4^-. It is evident that to St. Luke Tuji' TrLijTEV(j6.vTU3v aud Tuiv iiaBrirCiv Avere equivalent expressions. Hence, when we read in Ac I'J"- of 'certain disriplcs,' wli.. when they 'believed' heard nolliiiiu of llio ijifi, of the Holy Ghost and were ba)iti/r,l -into .lohu's l.,ipti.sm,' we must understami iIi.hI.n ('linsl'mu ilisciples,
though ill an 'immatm ■ i i knowledge' (see
Knuwling's note on lli- | < , / //f),^'. Gr. Test.).
For 'disciples' in tli. i,,,i,,,,, , ,ise = the inner circle of the foUowci, ,r, .1, u , i In ■ Twelve,' see Mt82»lli 1415 26"*, an,l iH.|a.'iii ly. Tkn., us ap- plied to the followers of OUI l.olil, ■ (li-c ij.lrs ' is a term of varying conlrnl. Ii i, of inl.nsl in pass- ing to note the v.arion- .iiiiPilUitions by which the disciples addivs-; tlio S.umur, expressing divers aspects of tlir ivk-uion which they held to sub- sist between tlninsrhi- a)i(l Him. He was to them (1) Teacher (oiod.rsaXus), Mk -l^, Jn IS'"-; (2) Superintendent (f7riffTdT7)i), only in Lk. : r,'' S-"* 9^' 9* ; (3) Lord {^vpios ; from \A. (V'' we should gather that this was the desigmilioii most usually adopted by the disciples) ; (4) My Teacher {paBSl), Mt 26=*, Mk 9=, Jn 4=» 118.
2. Restricting ourselves to the more limited sense in which ' disciples ' is used of the followers of our Lord, we may note the composition of the Twelve. The Synoptics and Acts provide the fol- lowing lists : —
MtlO^ir-. MkSicir.. Lk Giw-. Ac IR
Simon. Simon. Simon. Peter.
Andrew. James. Andrew. Jolin.
James. John. James. James.
John. Andrew. John. Andrew
PhiHp. Phili]!. Philip. Pliilip.
Bartholomew. Bartliolomew. Bartholomew. Thomas. Thomas. Matthew. Matthew. Hartholomew.
Matthew. Thomas. Thomas. Matthew.
James of James of James of James of
Alphajus. Alphteus. Alphaeus. Alphteus.
ThaddiBus Thaddams. Simon the Simon the
(Lebbffius). Zealot. Zealot.
Simon the Simon the Judas of James. Judas of James.
Canana;an. Cananiean.
Judas Iscariot. Judas Iscariot. Judas Iscariot.
Comparin" these lists, it is apparent that common to them all is the division of the Twelve into groups of four. The sequence of the -roups is the same in each list. "Within tlie ;jiou|i-. tlie order of the names varies, .save as n -ani- i lie in ,( name of each of tlie three gTOujis, -ttliieli in all the lists is the same— the first, fifth, and nintli places being occu- ].ied in .ill by Simon (Peter), Philip, and James of A Iplia us respectively. See, further, art. Aro.STLES, p. liKi'i., and the separate articles on the above names.