The palace of the rich would difler from such a house, of course, in having more rooms, and richer and more varied furniture. The numerous rooms, often preferably arranged in a suite on the ground floor around one or more open courts, were often built in storeys. Fine woods, olive, cedar, etc., were used for the doors and windows, .-iiid tlie
floors were sometimes ni.-nli'dl w I, Iml often of
cement or stone, or even oi liili mos.iics ; while the walls in rare instamcs were inliiiil with ivory and beaten gold (cf. Am 5", 1 K '2i!'''' (!'"• -").
The Grseco-Roman architecture of the Hellen- istic period did not exert any very marked or lasting influence upon the architecture of Palestine, partly because of the Jewish antijiathy to the Hel- lenizing tendency, and partly because it was con- fined to the larger buildings, such as palaces, baths, theatres, temples, etc. See, further, Hastings' Z>i3, art. ' House.'
Literature. — The Heb. Archaeologiea of Keil, Benzinger, Nowack ; Edersheim, Jewish Social Life ; Tristram, Eastern Customs in Bible Lands ; Mackie, Bible Manners, etc.
Geo. B. Eager. HOUSEHOLD.— In Mt 24« {oUerda), Lk 12« (Se/)a7re(a) = servants, i.e. the dependants on an estate to whom the ste\v;ird whs bound in our Lord's parable to serve out rations :it intervals of a day, a week, or a month. Itw.is thoir dependent and helpless condition wiiieh A\as the test of the steward's faithfulness to las trust . The same English word translates otKiakoi in Mt in''- ''■, /.,•. tliiMnmates of a house, subordimite imleiil to tlie master, but attached to him by ties ol rel.itionsliip or marriage. In v.^'' tJiere is 'a conl i:is|, and eoni- jiarison between the oiViaMu (Cliri-ls ilisii|.li's) ,inil th(^ oiKoSe<nr6Tr)S (the Lord liiiiiseli), .iiul Chri-l warns the Twelve that if He has been called Beel- zebul (or Beelzebub) by His enemies (cf. Mt d'-'^ 12=^ Jn S^}, those who belong to His household cannot expect to be free from this 'reproach of Christ.' In v.'s tlie contrast is between some members of a household and the rest. Here He warns them of the inevitable opposition that will arise when some in a house love Christ supremely, while others are hostile or inditi'erent to Him. The words of ancient
VOL. I.— 4?
prophecy (Mic 7") then receive a fulfilment. The very closeness of association emphasizes the antag- onism, and ' a man's foes shall be they of his own household.' C. H. Pkichaed.
HOUSEHOLDER This term as well as ' good- man of the house,' 'master of the house,' are ditterent translations of the same Greek word oi\o- ScaTrdrris. It is rendered ' householder' in tho parables of the Tares and the Wheat (Mt 13'-'), of the Owner bringing forth his treasures new and old (Mt IS'''-), of the Labourers In the Vineyard (Mt 20'), of the Vineyard let out to husbandmen (21'''i), with special application to Christ as Head of the Church. The phrase 'goodman of the house' is applied (Mk U", Lk22'i) to the owner of the house in which tho L.ist Su|i|.er was to be pre- pared. The transl.ation 'm.-i-ler of tlic house' is found in Lk 123» RV (A\' ■ -o.mIimmii '), Mt 24«, of the owner or overseer wlm^e iluly it, is to jirotect
occurs .-llso in I he p.! I :l Me of 1 1 !!• I i re;i I Sllp|MT, Lk 14=Meo
denotii: involve
that of
kin,^ ol .Ml Ii-.:- ■), .-llso as liouse whose ]ieiseeution Kiidinates, Mt lU-^- (.see Household) ; and once more in the parable of the Unfaithful, against whom the door was shut, Lk 15^ (cf. parable of the Ten Virgins, Mt 25).
C. H. Pkichard. HULEH See Jordan.
HUMANITY OF CHRIST. -The simple.st fact about Jesus Christ, as we see Him pictured in the Gospels, is that He was a man. Whatever there was peculiar about His per.son, it did not destroy the reality of His humanity or take Him out of the genus 'man.' But this simple fact, seen in all its relations, admits of varied consideration, and indeed demands it.
1. His human body. — Jesus had a body, visible to the eye, giving the natural impression, as other bodies do, of reality. It came into life by the natural channel of birth (Mt 1=^ 2>, Lk 2'') ; it grew as others do (Lk 2") ; was nourished by food as others are (Lk 1^-^, cf. 24-"-'3) . gigpt (Lj- yssj . ^^.^^ re- stricted by space as ordinary men are, and thus laboriously travelled about (Lk S', Jn 4») ; was weary (Jn 4") ; sufiered under the inhumanities attending the Trial and Execution (Jn lO^^-^"), although, in the restraint of the Gospel narrative, no express mention is made of this fact ; and truly died (as is made evident by the peculiar character of the phenomenon related in Jn 19''^, an un- conscious testimony, by one not acquainted with the principles of anatomy, as to the reality of His death). See BoDV.
With the reality of His body is closely associated the fact of the teiniitability of Jesus. The Epistle to the Hebrews lays einiiliasis ii|ion tliis fact as a part of His qualil'i'i .iti.m for tlie w oric of Saviour (018 415). The (;os|ieI lii~ioiy ronlains a nari'ative of temptation (.'Mt 4'" , ) in whirli .lesus is assailed by solicitations addressed to Ills pliysiiiil ajipetite, to His love of display, and to lli-'.iinliit ion. As the reality of the human body is tlie pie-n]i|iosition of tlie reality of tlie tein|italion, so the eli.iracter of tlii> teniiiiatioii ronliniis tlie proof of that body.