^ "^f xfi[' afe laiter t^ ^U.^^)" The pr^;,;;; w|cr finds himself in independent .agreement with Bnggsin regardmg Mt l-Ob.-il as a translation from a Hebrew poetical piece.;
2. Jewish Liturgical usiaj' . In M,. l.iiil.' services the Psalms naturally iil.i.vi<l ■' Ki,.;it i.nt. For the daily service the order of the l.-^:ilms, which were sung to a musical accompaniment by the Levitical clioir,§ was as follows : 1st day of the week, l'« 24 ; 2nd, Ps 48 ; 3rd, Ps 82 ; 4th, Ps 94 ; 5th, Ps 81 ; 6th, Ps 93 ; Sabbath, Ps 92. Special Psalms were also used for special occasions.
It h.as been .luestioiied whether psahn.5.1v formed an element
expoundini; the Sen;
be inferred that on ay rate, was recited i
difficult to lK.lie\e
(i)
suggests that ; gogue use : esj 112, 114, 110, 1
K^i::
The Emnrtclical Canticles. — The poetical pieces which we know as the Magnificat, Bcnedictus,
• It is possible that in Col 318, Eph 513 the t«rm +«x,a« is Bimilarly restricted in meaning.
t Vict. Ckr. Ant. i. 284.
I Cf. Swete, Introd. to the OT in Greek, p. 253 f. 5 Cf. Edereheim, Temple, etc. p. 143 f.
II Cf. esp. Mt'ij. iv. 3.
II It is worth noting that the regular term employed in the Mishna is to • read ' (Sip) the Mallei. In the T..,Ml.le-service it „„, ., ,: ,, ,.,, .„.,„,l.,li.„i ..i.l 1.1..1-. ii,.ll.-l. which
I , „|3 ■ (5) is a pentameter poem, as is also Mt V^^- 2».
, .11 "O back to two long poems (a trimeter and |,. i.i .111. i.i), from which the above are extracts.
i. Other Hymns and Hymn-picce.i.—{a) It has been suggested with some plausibility that the Prologue of the Fourth Go.spel ' is a hymn to the Logos, compo.sed independently of the Gospel and prefixed to it. ' § Here also Professor Briggs detects a truneter poem originally arranged in three parts.H For other possible extracts from early Christian hymns in the NT, reference may here be matle to ' Hymn ' in Hastings' DB ii. p. 440 f.
In the Apocalypse, also, there are a number of soncs ivSat) which may, perhaps, be regarded fus tia.'litiontil JewLsh-Christian hymns (cf. 4" S"'''-'- II " ■ i.v'-).
I , I ,Mble that the curious phrase, 'Amen, come' (Rev
1. an acrostic reference to a Jewish hymn which is
,,, 111,. sviin.-oL'ue CA'ii A'cM/ifml, 'There is none like
, ,, ]. 71 riiis composition, in its present
: l.iHSc.ach. The initial letters of
. wordsN3 ];DK = '.(lweii,coMic'll
:-i .1 1 .. Creek term iii.o! occurs in the
.Midia.sh (.f. l:-r. n,Mm viii. ;) = a hymn to a king).
(b) The Eosanna-hymn, or cry of praise of Palm Sunday, with which Jesus was gi-eeted on His la-st entry into Jcrusalem,11 is given in various forms in the Gospels. In its simplest form it occurs in Mk ll'-" and Jn 12^ which really give the cry <.f the multitude : ni,T cB-i Nnn ina ta ymn. The ad; ditions that occur in the other passages (tvi'<v AaneiS, Mt 2P- '" ; and ev tois v4>laT0is, Mt 21-, Mk 11")** seem really to be later amplifications • See an article by the present writer in ZXTIV vi. p. 80 f. (Trh I'V.-y ,1, ■Th.-'Gospcl Narratives ot the Nativity,' etc
,\', , ' , r'„rio-inal underlies these two verses is shown
1,/ 111, play upon words in v.2i (.Tegus nhall saw)
, .,,, i„ , I 1 I ... .1 only by Hebrew— not Aramaic— phraseology
Tcf. for details Briggs, The }lmiah of the Apostles (1^5), 495-515; he compares the above to the 'credal hymn in
\\
'iJ^n
Fourth liospch i,k._(p' verse int«, the Lord.'
.)i>iiiiU'IIosunna'aiid alters tlie I the King that coineth in the iia
HOHANXA.
HYPOCRISY
HYPOCEISY
765
due to liturgical influence, when lio-on/d (which in its Hebrew form nyiion is really a cry addressed to God, '&IVC now!') was misunderstood as a shout of homage or greeting=' Had !' or 'Glory to.' See Balman, Words of Jesus (Eny. tr.), p. 220 f.
Cheyne's explanation, -E?ic//c. Bihl. .v.i, ' H.>-;inti:t,' i-: lianlly convincing. LinliWoot, in his intei;L-stii,_ > I; \ Hllnrk
we beseecii Tliee, O Thou [vviio d\velli-^t] n iii-ni -t,' lukinfj
IV T«iff u-^i(noi= as a substitute for the Invnn; liauiu. This is barely possible.
The Hosanna-cry (cf. Ps 118^'-) and the palm branches naturally suggest the Feast of Taber- nacles, with the ceremonies of which they were most closely associated (esp. in the ' Hosanna ' processions of the Festival).* It seems, however, that such processions might be extemporized for other occasions of a joyous character (cf. 1 Mac 13=1, 2 Mac 10'), and this was the case in the scene described in the Gospels.
Wiinsche, indeed (Erlautcnmgen der Evangdien am Talmud und Uidrash, p. 241), supposes that a confusion has arisen in the Gospel accounts between Tabernacles and Passover ; but this is unnecessary. It is noteworthy that there seem to be traces in the Midrash on the Psalms of the Messianic inter- pretation of Ps. llS'^.t
Literature.— The most important contributions to the subject of NT hymnody are the works of Briggs above cited. Reference may also be made to artt. ' Hosanna ' in the Jewish Encyc, and Encyc. MM. respectively ; also to ' Hymns ' in Encyc. BM. ; 'Hymn' in Hastings' DB;\ 'Hymn,' 'Canticle,' in Diet. Chr. A7it., and to ' Kirohenlied i. (in der alten Kirche)' and 'Litur- gische Formeln' in PRE^. Other references have been given in the body of the article. Q JJ ]3qx