{d) Oi persons inherently joiiu'd fnid (■(,,/».,/,(/, where the completest intimacy ( Mnr.'i\ ,il.l.' i^ ex pressed; employed with noticcal'li' lrc'i|iHiuy in the writings of St. Paul and the Im.uhIi (h.,,),,!, lo mark the close fellowship between Llie Lliii,-,tnin and Christ (iv X/Jio-ry 'It/o-oO, ^i- Kvpiiji, iv Xpurru, Ru
gl 16" 125 167. ^y^^^ i^ (^„l^ J,i (i5(i 154.5; of. 1 Jn 25. 6. 24. 27. 28 ^^ ai)T£fJ (XvaL, (V tC} I'tw, iv aVTi^ /jL^veLv),
between the Christian or Christ and tlocl (eV deiji, iv T<? ■Ko.Tfl, .1 Th 1>, Col 3», Jn ;?^> lO''" 14-"), or be- tween the Christian and the Sjiirit {iv ■Kvtvp.a.ri. elvai, Ro 8^ 1 Co 12'^ ; cf. Mt 1i^, Lk 2-'). 'I'he very repetition of such unusual expressions indi- cates that the thouf^lit was a favourite one in Pauline and Jolnxnnine tlieoloL;y. For the deter- mination of tlie meaning, special weight should be attached to the fact that complementary expres- sions are used repeatedly — Xpi-arbs iv rivi, irvcufia iv nvi, vaTijp iv rm (Ro 8» »", 2 Co 13^ Gal 2^", Jn 1038 1420 154.5 i72i-23)_ The employment of these parallel expressions points to a relation of the most intimate communion ; and the only question is how this spiritual communion is to be con- ceived. Deissmann, who has carefully sifted the material relating to the phrase iv Xpiar^, insists that the translation 'in fellowship with Christ' does not quite adequately convey tlie concrete thought of St. Paul. He favours the view that the iv here retains its literal and local significance ; the Christian lives in the element Christ, some- what in the same way as animals live in the air, or fishes in the water, or the roots of plants in the earth. He notices the parallel use of ev Xpitrrij! and Xptarbs iv tivi with iv TTvevpLan and irvevixa iv rivi, and argues that as the last phrase would be naturally understood in the most literal local sensi-, of one within whom the invisible powers of lln' Spiril resided, so in the phrases relative to Cluist, Ihr living pneumatic Christ of faith, the same local reference is implied. Or, again, the phrase iv flfu (1 Th l\ Col 3», Ac 17=" In him we live and move and have our being') expresses the tliought that God is the element in which we live, implying the local conception of a Divine irfpixiipT/iris. From such analogies Deissmann is inclined to accept the most literal and local interpretation of St. Paul's favourite phrase ; and he believes that if we keep in mind the equation Xp(ffT6s = TrceO/xa, Christ the everliving Divine Spirit, the conception of real locality will not appear improbable. This inter- pretation certainly presses the literal meaning of iv too far ; it tends to dissolve St. Paul's mystic idea of union into a semi-physical relation, and so to destroy the moral and spiritual basis of faith. The spiritual presence of Christ is indi-ed pirfiin-d as a local nearness of idalion ; \i-\ SI. Paul else- where clearly distin.uuishe^ l.eiwV.ii (lie spiritual nearness of presenl iVIIowship «itli ('liiist and the future local fellowship with {<tvv or irpis) t^hrist in the life to come (1 Tli 4", l>h 1-', 2 Co 5**). Even while 'absent from the J>ord,' St. Paul is iv Xpi<r7-^, i.e. in spiritual but not local union. Tlie implied iv del} in Ac 17^ ' In him we live and move and have our being,' is scarcely adducible as an analogy, since it refers rather to the natural basis of exis't- ence than to the spiritual ground, Tlie Joliannine
phrases already cited (iiiveiv iv ifiol ; iyu iv rep TfnLTpi fiov, Kai ii|Ueis iv i/xoi, Kayu iv ii/iiv) contain substantially the same thought as the Pauline iv XpitTTcp ; and in these, in spite of the local figure employed, the idea is clearly not that of local inherence, but of spiritual inherence or com- munion. The mystic realism of the Pauline and .lohannine phrases is rather to be found in the fact that they ajiproach the thought of a, real identifi- niiniii with I he Logos or the pneumatic Christ. Tlie lite I )i\ ill,, incorporates it.self in the Christian ; the Spirit of Cliiist or of God takes the place of (he hniiiaii spiiii . and is individualized in the life of l.elic\ CIS. This i.lcaijf essential spirityial (jnystica, Injiin^i,!! nil) union alone does justice to those passa.ucs u heic I he union of believers with Christ, and even with one another, finds suhlimest ex- luession (Jn 17-'-", 1 Co 6" 12'=). But while this thought of vital union is the central and original conception of the phrase used by St. Paul, the context often indicates some variety in the shades of meaning. Thus Ro 14" ' I am persu.aded in the Lord Jesus,' i.e. in virtue of that fc/luivship ; Ph •I--' 'Receive liiiii in tlie Lord,' i.e. iii the spirit of such fellowship ; it is often used as a favourite expression fui- (hrisdan -Ro lo^- w- " ; while in other cases the icl.uionship referred to is that between Clirisi and (he l-adier; 1 Th 518 'this is the will of (hill in Clirisi .lesns'; 2 Co 5'» 'God was in Christ reconcilinLj the «ialil.'
II. The woiil is als., used (o translate otlier prepositions in the following senses :
8ia, ' within ' a space of time (Mt 26*' ' build it in three days ').