* Edersheini comiiares certain Rabbinical ordinances which laid down that no man mipht jro on the Temple Mount with his staff or with shoes, or with his scrip, or with money tied to him in his purse. Whatever he might wish to contribute must be carried in his hand, possibly to indicate that the money about him was exclusively for an immediate sacred purpose. He sugfcests that, for similar reasons, Jesus transferred these very ordinances to the disciples when engaged in the service of the real Temple, and says the direction of Mt lOOf- will then mean : ' Go out in the same spirit and manner as you would to the Temple services, and fear not, — "for the workman is worthy of his meat." In other words : Let this new Temple service be your only thoujjht, undertaking, and care' (The Temple, etc. p. 42).
Lk 19^^ our Lord shows His familiarity with the history of warfare when He prophesies that the enemy will cast up a bank (xo-po-i) or a trench round Jerusalem. This prophecy was literally fulfilled forty years afterwards, when Titus sur- rounded Jerusalem with a palisaded mound and wall of masonry {agger and vallum).
Jesus seems to have recognized war as rising from the nature of man and the constitution of society ; but as His teaching lays hold upon nations, the methods of war become less barbarous, and we have good cause to anticipate a time, and to work for it, when ' nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.' While, therefore, Je.sus Christ did not condemn war in the abstract, the whole spirit of Christianity is against it (see Hastings' DB, art. 'War').
Coll. A. Macdonald.
WASTE. — The idea of waste is presented in the Gospels in two figures. (1) The first of these appears in the word Siatr/copTrifw, which indicates the scattering of one's pos.sessions. It is the act of the man who, like the Prodigal, makes 'ducks and drakes ' of his goods (Lk 15^^), or, like the Unfaith- ful Steward, squanders his master's property (Lk 161).
(2) The second word is dirdiXeia, which denotes the doing to death of that which should have re- mained to enrich and beautify life. Judas thought that the pouring forth of the ointment upon the head of Christ was aTrwXeia (Mt26^ ||). In his opinion it was waste, because the price of it might have been added to his bag, and might have remained to enrich himself (Jn 12"). It was put to a use which did not commend itself to him, and this seemed to the man in whose heart the love of a once accepted Master had now been usurped by the money A\'ith which he had been entrusted, a loss of something like 'three hundred pence' (Mk 14^). It is very significant that Christ used the word, which Judas had applied to Mary, of Judas himself. So far wrong was he that Mary had rendered an ever memorable act of devotion. The true ' waste ' was in himself ; he was the ' son of waste ' (6 vibs ttjs dTTuXeias, Jn 17^^). See art. Judas Iscariot in
vol. i. p. 909^ W. W. HOLDSWORTH.
WATCH.— 1. The noun ' watch ' in the Gospels
represents (1) Kovffrojdia (Lat. custodia) in Mt 27^^' "" 28'' AV ('guard' KV). This word, which is said to have been the technical term for a company of 60 men, is used here to describe either the Roman soldiers, whom the chief priests and Pharisees ob- tained from Pilate, or the Temple guard, which he reminded them they already had and could employ to protect the sepulchre from' being rifled.
(2) (pvXaKTj, where it denotes the divisions of the night either into 3 (Jewish and Greek ; cf. Lk 12^ (?)*) or 4 (Roman ; cf. Mk 13^5) parts. The word in this sense occurs (a) in the account of our Lord's walking upon the Lake of Galilee, which was ' at the fourth watch,' i.e. just before dawn (Mt 14-^ Mk 6*^) ; (b) in His remarks upon the uncertainty and unexpectedness of the Presence (vapovaia) of the Son of Man (Mt 24'«, Lk \2^).
(3) (pvXaKrj in an active sense, denoting a watching or keeping watch (Lk 2^).
2. ' Watch ' as a verb. — The duty of constant watchfulness (ypT]yopeiv) and vigilance (d7pi'7ri'e7j') is insisted upon by our Lord in two main connexions : (a) in regard to the particular, immediate need for it on the night of the Betrayal (Mt 2638- «. 4i^ ^i]. J434. 38)^ and \b) in regard to tlie general attitude of disciples who await their Lord's Return (Mt 2442. 43^ Mk 13^- ^- ^\ Lk 12"- ^9 2F6).
* It is not unlikely that in this case the fourth watch is not named, simply because the return is not likely to be 80 long ' delayed. So Meyer, Alford, Bruce, etc.
814
WATER
WATERPOT
As to the general attitude or frame of mind in which the Church is bidden by her Lord to look for His coming, the burden of His teaching is that ours must be the steadfast, active readiness of dutiful, trusty servants, who are not afraid of being caught idle or in mischief, when the Master appears and reveals His welcome, though awful presence.