What measure of success attended the Apostle's prolonged and anxious efforts it is difficult to esti- mate. If we are to judge by his silence and the solemn warning in his Epistle to the Galatians (6^), the scheme would appear to have been only a partial success or even to have fallen through. Again, if we are allowed to draw an inference from the list of delegates who accompanied him (Ac 20^), it would seem that the amount of the Corinthian collection was so small that there was little or no need for a representative. As early as the latter part of A.D. 57 the Macedonian churches had appointed their delegates (2 Co 8'^ ; see HDB iii. 712''). On the other hand, as the Apostle in- tended to spend the winter months in Corinth, the selection would naturally await his arrival ; and more especially would this delay occur as the bitter quarrel had only just been amicably settled. From the scanty evidence available it would not be safe to dogmatize. It may be that his reference to the example of the Galatian collection (see the emphatic vfiel^, 1 Co 16') points to a work already successful. Again, as the time of his journey to Jerusalem drew near, confidence in a not unworthy response by the Corinthian Church seems to have VOL. I. — 15
been restored (see his Trappyjffia, Ka&xwt.s, 2 Co 7* ; irepicro'eijeTe, 8^ ; irpodv/xia, 8'' ; ttjv oOv ?v8ei^iv ttjs dydirrjs vfiQv, 8-'* ; cf. 9"-^* ''• ^^' "*). It is not im- probable that the triumphant joyousness (17 Kap8ia i]/xu!i> TreTrXdrvvTai, 2 Co 6'') of his late appeal to them was due to their having chosen himself as their ambassador or representative to convey their 'gracious' gift {dTreveyKeiv t7}v x^-P'^" ^M'^" f^s 'lepov- (raXrj/j., 1 Co 16^) to its destination. His satisfac- tion that all discontent and suspicion were at an end is expressed by his sending before him to Cor- inth along with Titus two well-known and tried brethren (o5 6 ^iraivos iv ri^ evayyeXiui, du edoKi/xd- o-a/jLev iv iroWols, 2 Co 8'^- ^), to complete the collec- tion and to have everything in readiness against his arrival in company probably with some Mace- donian representatives (2 Co 9'* ; cf. Ac 20^). It is pleasant to learn that the unsavoury bickerings in Corinth were forgotten when, during that winter's sojourn there, St. Paul penned his stately and calm Epistle to Rome. In that docu- ment he refers only to the good-will and the pleasure with which the Corinthians adopted and carried out the purpose of his pacificatory labours {rbv Kapirbv rovTOv, Ro 15^). The depth of the Apostle's sympathy for the sufferings of his fellow- countrymen may be gauged by the reasons on which he bases his claims on their behalf. Tlie spiritual debt which the Gentiles owed to the Jews {6(Pei\irai dalv avrCiv, Ro IS^' ; cf. Gal 6», 1 Co 9;') demanded an answering service {XeiTovpyrjaai) in ministering to their temporal needs (see the con- trast involved in the words Trvev/xaTiKoTs . . . aapKLKols, Ro 15'^). Another reason which he adduces arises out of the duty which wealth uni- versally owes to poverty (mark again the contrast, irepi(xev/j.a . . . mr^pTjfia, 2 Co S^*), in order that, as equal opportunities in things spiritual is the norm of Christian life, there may also be equality (oVwy yivr]Tai ladT-qs, 2 Co 8'^) in the satisfaction of worldly necessities. The repeated use of the word kolvuvlo. ia this connexion by St. Paul justifies us in assum- ing that he deliberately set himself the task of conciliating the jealousy of tlie Jewish Christians by establisliing a bond of fellowship and com- munion between them and the Gentile converts (2 Co 8* 913 ; cf. Ro 12'3).
All this is the more remarkable as at this period the sinister machinations of the Jews in both Cor- inth and Jerusalem were active and unremitting (Ac 20^ ; cf. Ro 15^i). Instead of sailing direct, lie made the return journey through Macedonia, where he celebrated the Passover (Ac 20"), and only arrived in Jerusalem in time for the feast of Pentecost, when he finally discharged the task he had set himself to carry out (cf. Ac 24''').
Literature. — In addition to the works mentioned throughout the art., see Conybeare-Howson, The. Life and Epistles 0/ St, Paid, new ed., lSi6 ; G. G. Findlay, art. 'Paul the Apostle' in UDB lii. 696 ff. ; A. Harnack, Mission and Expansion of Christianity, Eng. tr.2, 1908; A. Hausrath, A Hist, of ^'T Times: The Time of the Apostles, Eng. tr., 1S95, vols. iii. and iv. ; W. M. Ramsay, St. Paul the Traveller and the Roman Citizen, 1895, also art. 'Corinth' in HDB i. 479 ff. ; F. Ran- dall, 'The Pauline Collection for the Saints' in Expositor, 4th ser. viii. [1893] 321 ff. ; J. Armitag-e Robinson, art. ' Com- munion ' in HDB i. 460 ff. ; Sanday-Headlam, liomans^ (ICO, 1902); C. V, Weizsacker, Apostolic Age, Eny. tr., i.2 [1S97], ii.
[1895]. J. R. Willis.
COLONY.— The careful reader of Ac W\ the only place in the NT where the term 'colony' (KoXcjvia, a mere transliteration of the Latin original) occurs, sees at once that a Roman colony must have been very different from what we under- stand by the word ' colony.' Colonia (from colonus, 'settler,' 'husbandman,' from colere, 'to culti- vate') was a word applied by the Romans to a body (usually 300) of their citizen-soldiers (in earlier days the two terms were convertible), transferred