Jude I'l- 18 — 'ISou ?iK9iv Kupios Iv 1 En. i. 0 — 'l&ov epxercu (riiVTOui
ayt'ais fivpiacnv avTov, ixvpiaaiv ayi'ais avTOV,
jTOirjirat Kpicriu Kara. navrMv, Troifjcrai Kpiaiv Kara navTiav,
KoX eAe'yf ai Travras Tous aae- KoX aTroAeVai jrai/ras tous a(re-
fieU jScw
Kal eAe'yf at natrav crapKa
nepl Tra.vTtav tmv epytav a(rt' jrepl TraiTiov epytov rrj? curt-
/Sei'a? avTuiv SiV T](7i^i)<7av ^ei'a? avTMV u>u ■}]<TfPr)ira.v
Kal Trepl Trai'Tioi' tu>v <TK\iripu)V Kal (rKKrjpuiv Siv e\d\r](rav ko-
S)v e\d\r]cTav Kar' avTOV ofi- yioi' ko-t' aiiTOV aiiapTotKoi,
apTtoKol acrejSeis. dcrt^ets.
For the vkK-npol \6yoi cf. 1 En. v. 4, xxvii. 2. Further, St. Jude's description of Enoch as ' the
ENOCH, BOOK OF
KN"OCH, BOOK OF
339
seventh from Adam ' is identical witli that in the Noachic interpolation in the Parables (Ix. 8).
The Epistle is full of reminiscences of Enoch. Cf. Jude ■*, ' denying our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ,' with 1 En. xlviii. 10, 'they have denied the Lord of Spirits and His Anointed'; Jude ^, ' angels which . . . left their proper habita- tion,' with 1 En. xii. 4, ' the Watchers . . . Avho have left the high heaven,' and xv. 7, ' as for the spiritual ones of the heaven, in heaven is their dwelling' ; Jude*, ' kept in everlasting bonds under darkness unto the judgment of the great day,' with 1 En. X. 4-6, 'Bind Azazel . . . and cast him into the darkness . . . and cover him with darkness, and let him abide there for ever . . . and on the day of the great judgment he shall be cast into the fire,' and x. 11, 12, 'Bind Semjaza . . . bind them fast for seventy generations . . . till the judgment that is for ever and ever is consum- mated '; Jude '^, ' wandering stars,' with 1 En, xviii. 15, xxi. 2, 3, 6.
(b) 2 Peter is closely related to Jude, and 2 P 2^ is more than an echo of Jude ^ The fuller details, indeed, may be due to 1 Enoch, while the juxta- position of the first judgment on the angels in 2 P 2^ with the Deluge in 2 P 2^ is characteristic of 1 Enoch as it stands, especially in its Noachic interpo- lations, e.g. X. 1-16, Ixv. 1-lxvii. 4. AsNoah iscalled ' a preacher of righteousness' in 2 P 2^, we might venture to assume that this title implies that he, and not Christ, was taken to be the preacher to the spirits in prison in 1 P 3^^ by the author of 2 Peter. If this be admitted, 1 PS'^- 20 might pos- sibly be claimed as witnessing to the original form of the Noah Ajjocalypse in which it was not Enoch but Noah who was sent to reprimand the Watchers (see 1 En. xii. 1-4, ' Enoch Avas hidden . . . and his activities had to do with the Watchers. . . . "Enoch, thou scribe of righteousness, go declare to the AVatchers" '). In support of this view we may note (a) that the references to the sin of the angels are all (except Ixxxvi. 1) in Noachic passages ; {^) that in defiance of chronology and tiie context the name ' Noah ' has been altered to ' Enoch ' in Ix. 1 ; that ' the longsufiering of God waited ' in 1 P 3^" seems to echo 1 En. Ix. 5, ' until this day lasted His mercy ; and He hath been merciful and longsuflfering. . . .' Cf. too Ixvi. 2 and Ixvii. 2, where angels hold the waters in check and other angels are constructing the ark, with 1 P 3-°, 'while the ark was a-preparing.' On the other hand, of course, there are great exegetical difficulties in 1 P 3'^' ^^ in the way of this view, though ' the spirits . . . which aforetime were disobedient' suggests angelic and not human offenders, and the prison of the angels is a common- place in 1 En. (x. 4, 12, xix. 1, xxi. 10, Ixvii. 4, etc.).
(c) In St. John's First Epistle we have the fre- quent contrast between light and darkness so characteristic of 1 Enoch : e.g. 1 Jn F ' walk in the light ' II 1 En. xcii. 4 ; 1 Jn 2^ ' the darkness is pass- ing away ' || 1 En. Iviii. 5. The warning in 1 Jn 2^^, ' love not the world, neither the things that are in the world,' has a close parallel in 1 En. cviii. 8, ' loved not any of the good things which are in the world,' and in xlviii. 7.
{d) For St. James's woes against the rich (5^"^), only paralleled in the NT by our Lord's words on the danger of trusting to wealth, cf. 1 En. xlvi. 7, Ixiii. 10, xciv. 8-11, xcvi. 4-8, xcvii. 8-10.
(e) The Book of Bevelation is naturally full of Jewish apocalyptic phraseology and imagery, and parallels are abundant with 1 Enoch, (a) Angel- ology. — 'Seven (arch)angels ' (Rev 8- and? 1* A^)\\ 1 En. XX. 1-8, xc. 21 ; 'four living creatures' (Rev 4*) II 'four presences' (1 En. xl. 2-9); 'have no rest day and night' (Rev 4^) || 1 En. xxxix. 13;
angels ofier men's prayers to God (Rev 8^-^; cf. 58) II 1 En. ix. 1-3, xlvii. 2, xcix. 3 ; angels of winds (Rev 7') and of waters (lO^) 1| 1 En. Ixix. 22. (/3) Demonology. — 'A star from heaven fallen unto the earth ' (Rev 9')— for phrase cf. 1 En. Ixxxvi.