• Sirach's naive retnark (ST^i^ '8 rather HifTcrent: ' A Dfood friend fights with one's enemy,
And holds the shield up airainst adversaries : Forget not a comrade in conltict, And forsake him not when thou art taking spoil-*
Still, this could be partially turned into metaphor, as by Julian (Orat. viii. 242a : toO in<rrov ^liXov Kai iTfto&i'fiov <rvi-atrm<rToi' Kal irpht TOuc Ktv^vvoxn airpaiitaaiiTTOV Koii'tuvov) in his grateful praise of Sallustius. Ca-sar used to address his troops not as soldiers but by the term ' comrades ' (Suet. C'trs. 07 ; ' Hlandiore nomine ctuntnitilmifs appcllabat'); tint St. Paul addresses his two friends neither as their le.adcr nor in flattery. They and he are serving side by side in the ranks of God.
t Pcr}>eliia and her friends paid in order to get occasionally out of the foul, dark cell into the larger prison ('constituenint praemio ut paucis horis emissi in mcliorem locum careens refrigeraremus' [/'os^io 6'. yVr;«(iMp, iii.J). Josephus mentions a similar case in ^nf. xviii. 233.
654
WAR
WAR
second by your oitponents, etc.* ; 4^ : * These women . . . liave* foTighl at my side in the active service of the j;osi)el, along with Clement and the rest of my fellow-workers').* Thrice the pay of the soldier is mentioned : in Ko 6^3 (' The wat,^es of sin is death,' where ofujrta, meaning the rations and pay of tlie soUlier, which lie gets as his due, is contrasted witli the xa/no-Mo-.t or free gift of eternal life); in 1 Co 9^, where tlie right of an apostle to he supported at the expense of the church is defended or illustrated by the analogy of a soldier in the legions ('Does a soldier provide his own supplies?') ; and in 2 Co IP, where he explains to the Corinthians that he had not accepted any re- muneration from them because he had 'made a levy on other churches, taking pay (d^J/ivi'iov) from them so as to minister to you.' In addition to the trumpet + sounding for the charge (1 Co 14^: * If the trumpet sounds indistinct, who will get ready for the fray?' — tlie assumption being that all are brave enougli to serve if they only hear the signal, whereas the coward in Theoplirastus, Char. xxv. 5, sits in his tent and grumbles that t6 iroXemKdv is sounded only too distinctly!), the familiar and splendid procession of triumph, accorded to a successful general at Home, is used to describe the success won by God through St. Paul's preaching missions : * Wherever I gu, thank God, he makes my life a constant pageant of triumph in Christ' ('2 Co S'-*). The second epistle to the Corinthians lias two other military allusions of interest, besides that in 6"^ to weapons for attack and defence — one to envoys or amV)assadors (cf. DA C i. 52) who press the otier of peace (5-" : ' I am an envoy for Christ, God appealing by me, as it were— be reconciled to God, I entreat you on behalf of Christ '), the other to an evangelist's work as storming the citadel (10^** : 'I do live in the flesh, but I do not make war as the tlesh does ; the weapons of my warfare are not weapons of the Hesh, but divinely strong to demolish fortresses §— I demolish theories and any rampart thrown up to resist the knowledge of God, I take every project prisoner to make it obey Christ, I am prepared to court-martial any one who remains insubordinate, once your submission is complete'). The latter passage, with its siege- metaphor, which Philo had already employed (e._^. de Con/us. Ling. 26, on Jg 8^ de Abrah. 26, 38), 'is a vigorous account of St. Paul's activity in fighting for the good cause till it was triumphant ; he claims to make a trenchant attack on all church theories, however formidable, wliich in his view dispute the freedom and authority of the gospel; he will give them no quarter ; any notion subversive of the faith starts him to take the offensive ; the pride and rebelliousness which are entrenched in the human mind, even within the church, are a per- petual summons to him. The siege of Mansoul is a challenge to his powers. And he emphasizes at the end his apostolic authority over the members of the church ; he will court-martial any seditious and disorderly person.
* So Ig:natius begins hi3 letter to the Christiana of Magnesia (ad Magn. i. l)by praising ' the splendid order' of their devotion to God (to iroAveuTaKTOf). Even tjurfu-yos in Ph 43 may be equivalent to commitito.
i Tertullian's love of militari- phrases leads him to translate even x«P'o-Ma by an army terni, donativum (de Resurr. Carnis, 47). See below, p. 655.
t In the opening stanza of his hymn on St. Paul (Hymni et Seguentice, Ixvii.) Abelard compares liim to such a trumpet : 'Tuba Domini, Paule, maxima, De coelestibus dans tonitrua, Hostes dissipans, cives aggrega.' The effect of the trumpet-call upon a camp is vividly described in the pseudo-Aristotelian de Mundo (399^), which is not much later than the NT.
§ The battering-ram was twice used against Jerusalem, by Pompey (Ps. Sol. ii. l) and by Titus (Josephus, BJ vi. i. 3). These siege-machines are discussed and described in Justus Lipsius, Foliorcetic6n (Amsterdam, 1605), bk. iii.