• Maximilianus (see below, p. 669). When the proconsul asks, 'Quis tibi hoc persuasit?' he replies, 'Animus meus, et is qui me vocavit.'
t Gibbon {Decline and Fait o/ the Botttan Empire, ch. xv.) holds that * by the mention of the emperors (Severus and Caracalla) it is evident that Tertullian composed his treatise de Corond long before he was engaged in the errors of the Montanists.' Recent research has proved that this is not evident ; the earlier date, prior to a.d. 198, is no longer tenable. At the same time, if the d^ Pallio (ch. 5) is an early com- position, Tertullian even when he wrote his Apology must have had some private views about military service which did not agree with the normal church view of which he was at that time, for apologetic reasons, the trenchant spokesman. There is a full discussion of his attitude to war in C. Guignebert, Tertutlien, Paris, 1901, p. 189 fl.
WAR
WAK
COO
Tertuinan. on ..oaring o. H, ^^'^^^}^::^-^^"V'^^
Here is a nmn who will "»'■ *^'^, ', : ' ,,„. du.Ic to prohibit a objection that there «f.'^' "•»/,'„,„», Telullian can only Christian 'ro.".,wean..K a * M;\f„,'^ ,Sn is one o. the excellent answer sophislically <■>'"' '''•''i^tiVcChiirch. excellent because customs which have ? °^J, X'^'o^'^,, t or mrried in the hand flowers are meant to lie adnnred or sun. unnatural ; Vou
but not worn on «'t,.'''f'MnM be ng crowned with .lower* never rend ot '"shops or sants being ^.^^^ ,^.^^ ^
Onlv pasans wear such '"^"""'' PJh' ^ jjou. The laurel is
paitans who seek thus »" ,^"°'^'Jj ^c' Chr St is the bead ot Lcred lo Bacchus and MKlloBesjaes,^^^^^^^^^ ^.^^^
the man (1 Co ll-Jf). »■'<'_',';„, t!o Him who will crownit one The head should be kept sacred W Him m ^ ^^^^ ^.^^^^ ^,
dav with the crown ol hie "'^"^'^ '' /• ..ivunces in dctence pleas which, in ''11 ««"°"^'\t.Sr " aurel crow But he goes of this soldier's ''^'".^'^l,,''" 7" own inconsistent with Chris- further. Not onl.v is ™,^ ' '^, "?",^d the symbols ol idolatry, tianity. for a Christian "" fj,' f i™ ( "ubue.l. because (i.) the but the military Pi-olf^'I^'Viv which a Cbris\i.in takes to his e„cm,H«nt«»i. or oath of >«;",>•" °;'-;\heV.,„cm.H.',ilwm ; (ii.) Lord, supersedes a"^u;vahdat.^ an> other ^__^^^_ ,_
"•'''■"V rMt'oro'^' nlmrde it unlawful for a disciple to use the much.esscanhe.,as_a^son_o.pea^,^ ^ ^^^
rt allowed . to avense^miurics do,, lu^^^^
cannot consisten ly 'I'l'/^, J^^.'^VThe military calling inter- punishing his f«^^ll"« l*^^,™'" -ttc'c of his religion-«-iJ. he may feres with the regular P,'^^»=''f, "L-, l,av,t or to stand sentry have to do sentry^dut^ on the Lord, la>,I__^ ^^^^_^^^.^
over pagan ten pies Th=/"'\"Y° ,„,,. Tertulban. e.g., asks tions becomes '^'=»;'l^=""e ^,V' 'hen Christ-s side was pierced how a soldier can hold " jpear, wne ^^ ^
by a spear or i;"°'f''''"'t';°'[e raised tJon. death by the last trumpet, when he hopes to ne rai ^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^.^^,„|,
trumpet ! . But » '/^--"^^ ' Xmis^ng a place is' the camp, lie all connexion with ^» ~ "P^°^'',verted when they are already admits that the case o* "f ,™''^i't "f the soldiers who came in the army is a f .I'f 'f „'?f,^i '^^.^turions in the gospels and .\cts to John the Baptist or of ""^ "^f.'.'", '^ „„ accepted the faith, 'a ol the Apostles; ''''". °"«,''t«ce as man.J^ have done, or man must either ,<!"■' tte^.y.^'^^ontrarv to Ood {and yet absolutely reluse to ^o a ' thint comr j ; ,^„.)_ „^
neither course >» P""^'»:'''l^' I'^SX" as a civilian Christian finally be n't-ft suffer death for hs Ood "s^^^^ ,„,ice wil has also to do; in terms ol '"' '°r ' i-;' ..j... i„ the matter of S^ot bold out to liim any prosper 0 .».l™-.t^,.'^„ j^ „,,„ sin, or immunity, from '"■^™,„ 'where he is. The gospel is thing but a Christian, no "™ter wner ^_^^ ^^.,^^
one |nd Jesus is the sanie Jesus who wmde.iy^ ^.J ^^,_^ denies Ood and confess ^v"> o"' ^j'" /"^^ ^,,i on the other save the life that has b« " 'ost for I s saK^^ ^^^^ against His hand destroy the life which has »«''J , ,,^,i^,„ j, j„st as name. In His ?-)'«^ '^p,": '■ as the l.agan (pa,/am.s-a play mucli a soldier (t.e. of ^ '™tl "w iny,(it',, is no soldier [i.e. ol on the double meaning °' '^f„'"" .ecessU^'. 1" the region ol Christ]. There can be "° P^"' "j,! g nee dflil is to avoid, sin faith; those for whom th«= one h i. fe ', ^^ ^^ ,t j, »
have no plea of "^^f '■'• .i'":'^ "'"a °e no right to enter the radical assertion tMt Urislians have n t,_^^ ^.^^^
armv, and that Chnslians " • "" Vh« ^^ .^^ j^e most trivial itself in.»'der to niamtai 1 tbel '" ' ^"„| .i.,,,„„i,„ .huts out association with pagan '^«S"'% hilosophy from the Christian theprofess'|onof arms ^ « «^^^ ?, "iUtary service primarily religion. 'The ^•^^'^d,;)""!, "Iheistic and idolatrous practices turns, for him, "P,"" '^-^P"^-'^, less directlv, with the entire which were bound "P. mo'^o Thev met the Christian in almost fabric of Koman c.vi nation They «>« t ^,^i„„ ,5^, education cverv branch of trade as .^*f ' ^^„'" "r.ocial life ; as we mi-lit 'and in the Pl^,^-"'" ^^^f^i^ f S s^lhlf ;roblen', again in the expect, therefore T"t ''lian taK \ „ ^^adoNical