A'chor (Heb. Alcor', "H-2, trouble; Sept. 'A^wp), the name of a valley (p^", Sept. fapayS,, KoiKac, "E/iiK-) not far from Jericho, given in consequence of the trouble occasioned to the Israelites by the sin of Achan (q. v.), who was stoned to death and buried there (Josh, vii, 24, 26). It was known by the same name in the time of Jerome (Onomast. s. v.). The prophets more than once allude to it typically in pre- dicting the glorious changes under the Messiah, either on account of its proverbial fertility (Isa. xlv, 10) or by way of contrast with the unfortunate entrance of the Israelites near this pass into Canaan on their first approach (IIos. ii, 15). It was situated on the bound- ary of Judah and Benjamin, between the stone of Ben- Bonan and Dcbir, south of Gik'al (Josh, xv, 7), and was probably the same now called (see Zimmerman's Map) Wady Dabr, running into the Dead Sea east of Ain Jehair (Robinson's Researches, ii, 254). See Tribe. Thomson (Land and Book, ii, 185) says vague- ly that " it runs up from Gil gal toward Bethel ;" but this is inconsistent with the above notices of location (comp. Keil, Comment, on Josh. p. 201). See Cherith.
Ach'sa, a less correct mode (1 Chron. ii, 49) of Anglicizing the name ACHSAH (q. v.).
Ach'sah (Heb. Aksah', i"»D3?, anklet; Sept. A\ffo), the daughter of Caleb (and apparently his only daughter, 1 Chron. ii, 49, "Achsa"), whose hand her father offered in marriage to him who should lead the attack on the city of Debir, and take it, B.< '. 1612. The prize was won by his nephew Othniel ; and as the
ACHSHAPH
54
ACOLYTH
bride was conducted with the usual ceremony to her future home, she alighted from the ass which she rode, and sued her father for an addition of springs of water (as being peculiarly necessary, Stanley, Palest, p. 161) to her dower in lands, which were situated in the southern part of Judah See Guli.otii. It is prob- able that custom rendered it unusual, or at least un- gracious, for a request tendered under such circum- stances by a daughter to be refused, and Caleb accord- ingly bestowed upon her '• the upper and the nether springs" (Josh, xv, 16-19; Judg. i 9-15) — Kitto,s.v.
Ach'shaph (Heb. Akshapli , "d"^, fascination ; Sept. 'A\affa<j>), a royal city of the Canaanites, in the northern part of Palestine (Josh, xi, 1). whose king was overthrown by Joshua (Josh, xii, 20). It was situated on the eastern boundary of the tribe of Asher, and is named between Beten and Alammelech (Josh. xix, 25). By some (see Keland, Palast, p. 543) it has been regarded as the same as Achzib, but this is men- tioned separately (Josh, xix, 29). By others (e. g. Hammesveld, iii. 237) it has been assumed to be the same as A echo or Acre, and Sehwarz {Palest, p. 101) thinks it is the modern village Kefr-Yasif, five miles north-east of that town ; but this region is too far west for the Biblical notices. Eusebius and Jerome (Ono- mast. s. v. 'A*c<r«</>) locate it at the foot of Mount Ta- bor, eight miles from Dioeaesarea , but they have evi- dently confounded it with Chesulloth (see Keil's Com- ment, on Josh, xi, 1). Dr. Robinson is probably cor- rect in identifying it with the ruined village Kesaf around a large tree, two miles north-east of Kubrikah, a little south of the Litany, and nearly midway be- tween the Mediterranean and the Upper Jordan (new ed. of Researches, iii, 55).
Achterieldt, Johann Hetxrich, a Roman Cath- olic theologian of Germany, born 1788, at Wesel ; died at Bonn, 1804. He was ordained priest in 1813 ; and, in 1817, was appointed professor of theology at the seminary of Braunsberg, from which he was called, in 1820. to the chair of dogmatics at the university of Bonn. He was an intimate friend of Professor Her- mes (q.v.), and after the death of the latter published his famous work on Systematic Theology (Christl.-Ka- tholisckc Dogmatik, 1831). Achterfeldt was regarded, with his colleague Braun, as the leader of the Her- mesian School (q. v.) ; and when the system of Her- mes was condemned by Rome, and he refused to com- ply with the demands of Rome, he was suspended from his chair. He wrote Lehrbuch der Christlich-Kathnl. Ghmbens- unci Sittenlihre (Braunsberg, 1825) ; Kate- ckismus der Christlich-Kaiholischen Lekre (Braunsberg, 1826); and was, after 1832, one of the editors of a theological and philosophical quarterly {Ze.itsch.rift fur Philosophic und Kalholische Theolcffie), the chief organ of the Hermesian School. — Pierer, i, 88 ; Vapereau, p. 14.
Achu. See Flag.
Ach'zib (Heb. Al~.il/. --* = X, falsehood; Sept. 'Ay-f.;-!. but in Mic ju'traioc and Vulg. mendaciurri), the name of two places, sometimes Latinized Aczib.
1. A town in the plain of Judah, adjoining the Highlands, mentioned between Keilah and Maveshah (Josh, xv, 14). It appears to have proved faithless to the national cause on the Assyrian invasion (Mic. i, 14); hence this passage contains a play on the name: "the houses of Achzib (""SO shall be a lie (~TZX).-' It is probably the same as the Chezib in Canaan where Shelah was horn (Gen. xxxviii. 5), and perhaps also the CHOZEBA where his descendants were finally located (1 Chron. iv, 22). In the time of Eusebius, OfWmast. s. v. Xaofili) it Mas a deserted village near Eleutheropolis toward Adullam. Prom the associated localities, also, it appears to have been situated not far north-east of the former.