Adalbert, archbishop of Bremen and Hamburg, was descended from a noble Saxon family. lie served as subdeacon to archbishop Hermann for several years, and himself received that office in 1043 from Henry III, whom in 1046 he accompanied to Rome. There he barely failed of election to the papal throne. Pope Leo IX, in whose behalf he had spoken in the synod at Mentz in 1049, made him in 1050 his legate in the North. Adalbert intended, with the support of the Emperor Henry, to convert the archdiocese of Bre- men into a northern patriarchate, which was to be in- dependent of Rome, and embrace the sees of Northern Germanv, of Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Eng- land. Henry III compelled the pope, Clement II (one of the three German popes who were in succession elevated to tip. papal throne by Henry), to recognize Adalbert as his p<-cr. A bull is still extant in which the pope addressed Adalbert with " Vos," while gen- craUy the popes addressed every bishop with "Tu" (hence the principle, Papa neminem vossitat). But this was all ended by a bull of Pope Leo IX, recog- nizing Adalbert as apostolic vicar, but demanding fealty to the Roman see. During the minority of the Emperor Henry IV he usurped, together with arch- bishop Hanno of Cologne, the administration of the empire. His ambition and violence made him so ob- noxious to the German princes that, in 1066, they forcibly separated him from the emperor; but in 1069 he regained his former power, and kept it until his death, March 16, 1072.— Adam Bremensis, Gista Hun-
naburg. pont'f. ,• Lappenberg, Hamburgisehes Urkun- denbuch ; Stenzel, Gesch. Deutschlands unter den friin- kischen Kaiser n.
Adaldagus, archbishop of Hamburg and Bremen, lived during the reigns of the three emperors Otho (the last of whom died 1002), and enjoyed great influ- ence at court, where he held the office of chancellor. After the victory which Otho I gained over the Danes, he established three episcopal sees in Jutland, viz., Sleswick, Ripen, and Arhusen. He baptized Harold, king of Denmark, and sent missionaries among the northern nations. — Mosheim, Ch. Hist. cent, x, pt. i, ch. i, § 7.
Adalgar, a Benedictine monk of Corby, and the companion of Rembertus, or Rheinbertus, whom he succeeded, in 888, in the archiepiscopal chair of Ham- burg and Bremen. The archbishop of Cologne claim- ed supremacy over Cologne, and Pope Formosus cited Adalgar to appear at Rome to prove his rights to the archbishopric, but he refused both to attend in person and to send a deputy. The investigation was intrust- ed to the archbishop of Mayence, who decided against Adalgar, who was placed among the lowest bishops. The archbishopric was restored by a bull of Sergius III, A.D. 905. Adalgar established a seminary of priests for the propagation of the Gospel in the North, and died May 9, 909, after holding the see for nineteen years.
Adalhard, abbot of Corbie, born about 753, died in 826. He was a son of Count Bernard, and a rela- tive of Charles Martel. He was one of the first to op- pose the pretensions of the nobility, and to preach openly that the laws must be equally obeyedby pa- tricians and commoners. Charlemagne confided to him important missions, and appointed him his del- egate at the Council of Rome in 809. After the death of this emperor he fell into disfavor, having been rep- resented by the nobility to Louis the Debonair as an ambitious demagogue. Mabillon promised to publish the 52 sermons of Adalhard, but did not keep his promise. His Statuta Corbiensis ecclesice was publish- ed, but very incorrectly, by d'Achery. Many other writings of Adalhard are still scattered and inedited. Some extracts of his Libellus de Online Palatii were given by Hincmar. See Radbert, Vita 8. Adalhard* abbatis Corbiensis, 1G17. — Hoefer, Biog. Gem-rale, i, 218.
Adali'a (Heb. Adalya', N^x; probably of Per- sian origin; Sept. BapiX v. r. Bapsa, Vulg. Adaljd), the fifth of the ten sons of Hainan slain by the Jews under the royal edict at Shushan (Esth. ix, 8), B.C. ,473.
Ad'am (Heb. A dam', CIS, red [see Edom] ; hence iTC"1N, the ground, from the ruddiness of flesh and of clayey soil, see Gesenius. Thes. Heb. p. 24, 25 ; comp. Josephus, Ant. ii, 1; Jonathan's Targum on Gen. ii, 7 ; Leusden, Onomast, s. v. ; Marek, Hist. Paradisi, ii, 5), the name of a man and a place.
1. The first man, whose creation, fall, and history are detailed by Moses in Gen. ii-v, being in fact the same Hebrew word usually rendered "man" (includ- ing woman also, Gen. v, 1, 2), but often used distinc- tively with the article (CiNri, ha-Adam', "the man," Sept. and N. T. 'Aiu'tp, Josephus "Aca/ioc, Ant. i, 1, 2), as a proper name (comp. Tobit viii, 0). It seems at first thought somewhat strange that the head of the human family should have received his distinctive name from the affinity which he had, in the lower part of his nature, to the dust of the earth — that he should have been called Adam, as being taken in bis bodily part from adamah, the ground; the more especially as the name was not assumed by man himself, but im- posed by God, and imposed in immediate connection with man's destination to bear the image of God: "And God said, Let us make man (Adam) in our image, after our likeness," etc. This apparent incon-