Ugolini, xxix.) See Thresh- ing.
7. Winnoicing was general- ly accomplished by repeating the process of tossing up the grain against the wind with a fork (Jer. iv, 11, 12), by which the broken straw and chaff were dispersed, while the grain fell to the ground. After this it underwent a still further purification, by being tossed ■liine. up with wooden scoops or
short-handed shovels, such as we see in Egyptian paintings (Isa. xxx, 24). See Winnowing.
The " shovel" and " fan" (respectively Ml'l, rach'- ath, and !"HT"3, mizreh', Isa. xxx, 24, but their precise
3 2 1
Ancient Egyptian Tri/urct, or Threshing; and Winnowing. 1. Raking up ears to the centre; 2. The driver; 3. Winnowing with wooden shovels. Though the custom of treading out the grain was general, the expression "thresh" or "beat," in the song of the threshers, showed that the Egyptians origi- nally threshed with the Hail or stick.
difference is very doubtful) indicate a conspicuous I part of ancient husbandly (Psa. xxxv, 5 ; Job xxi, 18 ; ' Isa. xvii, 13), and important, owing to the slovenly threshing. Evening was the favorite time (Ruth iii, j 2), when there wras mostly a breeze. The mizreh [ (scatierer, prob. = irruov, Matt. iii, 12 ; Horn. Iliad, xviii, 588) was perhaps a broad shovel which threw the grain up against the wind ; while the rackath (blower) may have been a fork (still used in Palestine for the same purpose) or a broad basket, in which it was tossed. The heap of produce customarily rendered in rent was [ sometimes so large as to cover the rachath (Mishna, Baba Metsiih, ix, 2); this favors the latter view; again, the irrvov was a corn-measure in Cyprus (see Liddell and Scott, Lex. s. v. tttvov). The last process was the shaking in a sieve, !"I"Q3, kebarah' (cribrum), to separate dirt and refuse (Amos ix, 9). — Kitto, s. v.; Smith, s. v. See Fan; Shovel; Sieve.
VI. For the literature of the subject, see Husband- by. I H
Agrip'pa (AyniTr— ac, a frequent Roman name, signif. unknown [see Smith's Diet, of Class. Biog. s. v.]), the name of two of the members of the Hero- dian family (q. v.).
1. Grandson of Herod the Great, and son of Aris- tobulus and Berenice (Josephus, Ant. xvii, 1, 2 ; Wars, i, 28, 1). After various fortunes in Rome and Ju- daea (Josephus, Ant. xviii, G; Wars, ii, 9, 5), he re- ceived from Caligula, soon after his accession, the original territories of Philip (Batanasa, Trachonitis, and Auranitis) and the tetrarchy of Lysanias, with the title of king (Josephus, Ant. xviii, G, 10; Wars, ii, 9, 6 ; Philo, 6pp. ii, 520). Returning to Palestine in the second year of Caligula (Josephus, Ant. xviii, G, 11), A.D. 38, he was soon afterward invested likewise with the tetrarchy of the banished Antipas (Galilee and Perasa), and finally by Claudius (to whom he had rendered important services at Rome during the changes of succession, Josephus, Ant. xix, 4; Wars, ii, 11) also with Samaria and Judaea (Josephus, Ant.
AGRIPPA
114
AGRIPPA
xix, 5, 1 ; xix, G, 1 ; War, ii, 11, 5 [see Dahl, Ere. in his Chrestom. T'hilon. p. 377 sq.] ; conip. Dio Cass. lx, 8), so that he became monarch of all Palestine, and enjoyed great celebrity (Josephus, Ant. xix, 8, 2). He sought to conciliate the Jews (Josephus, Ant. xix, 7, 3) not only by public munificence, but also by perse- cuting bigotry, as instanced by his murder of James and imprisonment of Peter (Acts xii, 1 sq.). His death at Caesarea (Josephus, War, ii, 12, C), in a terrible
Coin of Herod Agrippa \.— Obverse : Head of Agrippa, with the Inscription (in Greek), u King Agrippa the Great, Lover of Caesar." Reverse : Figure of Fortune, standing with her At- tributes, with the Inscription (in Greek), " Caesarea at the Harbor of Sebastse."
agony caused by worms (axuiXnieeg, Acts xii, 23 ; not vermin [see Worm]), is related by Josephus (Ant. xix, 8, 2) in almost the same terms. (See Ernesti, De morte Jlerodis Agrippce, Lips. 1745 ; Ranisch, De Lucce et Jo- seph! in morte Agr. consensu, Lips. 1745; Guericke, Beitr. z. N. T. Einleit. p. 189 sq. ; comp. Eusebius, Hist. Eccl. ii, 10 ; and see Heinecken, Ercurs. in Euseb. iii, 35G sq.)— Winer, i, 484. See Herod.
2. The Agrippa before whom Paul was brought (Acts xxv, 13, 2G) was the son of the foregoing, who died when he was only seventeen years old (Josephus, Ant. xix, 9, 1), and hence he did not succeed to his fa- ther's dominions (Joseph. Ant. xix, 9, 2); but he was allowed by Claudius (A.D. 48) to enjoy the principality of Chalcis, which his uncle Herod had held (Josephus, Ant. xx, 5, 2; War, ii, 12, 1), together with the su- perintendence of the Temple at Jerusalem, and the. privilege of nominating the high-priest (Josephus, Ant. xx, i, 3), and four years afterward he was instated into the sovereignty of the former tetrarchy of Philip and Lysanias, with the title of king (Josephus, Ant. xx, 7, 1 ; War, ii, 12, 8)— an appellation that is ap- plied to him likewise in the Mishna (Sotah, vii, 8). Still later Nero added Tiberias, Tarichaea, Julias, and fourteen neighboring villages to his jurisdiction (Jo- sephus, Ant. xx, 8, 4). Agrippa contributed much to the adornment of Jerusalem and other cities (Josephus, Ant. xx, 8, 11 ; 9, 4) ; but yet he was held in no spe- cial esteem by the Jews, on account of his arbitrary appointment and deposition of the high-priests, and other mistakes in his administration (Josephus, War, iii, 17, 1). When the last war with the Romans broke out, he firmly joined their cause. He died at the age of nearly seventy years, in the fifty-first year of his reign (Phot. Bill. 33) — Winer, i, 485. See Herod.