AILLY
125
AIN
His successor, John XXIII, made D'Ailly a cardinal, and papal legate in Germany. As such, he took part in the Council of Constance, where he was again very conspicuous. See Constance, Council of. Soon after his arrival, and through his influence, the Coun- cil adopted a resolution that the vote on the reforma- tion of the Church should be taken, not according to heads, but according to nations — a decision which at once fixed the fate of John XXIII. He again urged the resignation or deposition of all the popes, and the election by the Council of a new pope, who should pledge himself to carry out the reformatory decrees of the Council. He strongly maintained the superiority of a general council over the pope, and under the in- fluence of his views Benedict XIII was deposed. He was one of the Committee to investigate the case of John Huss, and it is a stain upon his great name that he voted for the condemnation of the reformer. In the question whether the election of a new pope was to take place before or after the completion of the reformatory decrees of the Council, D'Ailly separated from the reformatory party (the Germans, Gerson, etc.), carried the priority of the papal election, and thereby neutralized to a large extent the beneficial effects which otherwise the Council might have pro- duced. Martin V appointed him legate at Avignon ; he died there in 1425; or, according to another ac- count, on a legative mission in the Netherlands, 1420. DAilly is one of the most remarkable dignitaries of the Church of the Middle Ages, and greatly distin- guished both as a theologian and orator. He was, however, addicted to a belief in astrology, maintaining that important events might be predicted from the conjunctions of the planets. A very remarkable co- incidence appears in the case of one of his predictions, viz., that in the year 1789, "si mundus usque ad ilia tempora duraverit, quod solus Deus novit, multa? tunc et magna? et mirabiles alterationes mundi et muta- tiones faturae sunt, et maxime circa leges et sectas." This prediction was written in 1414, in his Concord, astronomire cum historica narrat'ove (published in Augs- burg, 1490, 4to). D'Ailly may be considered as a predecessor of that liberal p..rty in the Roman Cath- olic Church afterward represented by Bossuet and Fenelon. His principal writings were published at Douay, 1634, 8vo; but there is no full collection of his works. Among them are : 1. Commentarii Breves in libros 4 Sentent. (1500, 4to) : — 2. Quatuor Principia in 4 libros Sentent. : — 3. Recommendatio S. Scriptura : — 4. Principium in cursum Bibliorum : — 5. Qucestio Ves- periarum, utrum Petri Eccl. lege reguletur :— 6. Qucestio resumpta, utrum P. E. Rege gubernetur, lege reguletur, fide confirmetur, et jure dominetur :— 7 '. Speculum Con- sider at'umis : — 8. Compendium Contemplationis, in 3 trac- tatus: — 9. Be 4 Gradibus Scalce Spiritualist — 10. Epit- ome Quadruplicis Exercitii Spiritiialis : — 11. De Oratione Dominica Tractatus 2. — 12. Salulationis Angelica; Ex- poskio devota: — 13. Verbum abbreviatum super libros Psalmorum: — 14. Meditationes 2 in Psa. xxx : — 15. Med- itat. in Psa. "Judica me, Deus:,, — 16. Meditat. in vii Psa. Penitentiales : — 17. Meditat. in Cantica, Magnificat, Benedictus, et Nunc Dimit. .-—18. Expositio in Cantica Canticorum Solomonis : — 19. 12 Honores S. Joseph! Spon- si Virginis. All the above, from the Speculum Consid- erationis to the last, inclusive, were published at Douay in 1634 (8vo):— 20. Tractatus de Anima (Paris, 1494, 8vo; 1505): — 21. Sermones, varii' Argument! , 20: — 22. Modus seu Eorma eligend! Summ. Pontif. : — 23. Libellus de Emendatione Eccl., in the "Fasciculus rerum expeten- darum" (Cologne, 1535): — 24. Be Ecclesice et Cardina- lium auctoritate libellus (in Gerson's works, Paris, 1606, torn, i, p. 895). — 25. Sacramentale (Louvain, 1487) : — 26. Vita S. Petri de Morono, afterward Celestine V (Paris, 1539). — Dupin, Eccl. Writers, cent, xv, ch. iv; Mosheim, Ch. Hist. cent, xiv, pt. ii, ch. ii, § 38; Cave, Hist. Lit. ann. 1396 ; Dinaud, Notice historique et lite- raire, sur P. D'Ailly (Cambray, 1824, 8vo) ; Hoefer,
Nmiv. Biog. Generah, i, 125 ; Landon, Eccl. Dictionary, i, 169.
Ailredus, Aelredus, an English historian, born in 1109, and said to have died in 1166. According tu Cave, he was an Englishman, educated in Scotland, having been educated together with Henry, son of David, king of Scotland. When he was of the proper age a bishopric was offered to him, but he refused it ; and, returning to England, he took the monastic vows among the Cistercians of Revesby Abbe}-, in Lincoln- shire. He became abbot of this monastery, and after- ward of Rievaux, and made Bernard of Clairvaux his model both as to his life and style of writing. His works include Historia de Vita et Miraculis S. Ed- wardi R. et Confess, (among the " Decern Scriptores" of England, edited by Twisden, Lond. 1652) ; Genea- logia Regum Anglorum ; De Bel'o Standard!; Historia de Sanctimoniali de Watthun (all in Twisden); Ser- mones de Tempore et de Sanctis (in Bibl. Claras Vallis) ; In Isaiam Prophetam Sermones 31 ; Speculum Charita- tis, libris 3 ; Tractatus de puero Jesu duodecenni (ed. by David Camerarius, de Scot, fortitud, Paris, 1031); De, Spirituali Amicitia, libri 3. The latter four treatises were edited by Gibbon, a Jesuit, and printed at Douay in 1631;' also in the Biblioth. Cisternen. torn, v, 16, and Bibl. Patr. torn, xxiii, 1. — Cave, Hist. Lit. sec. xii, vol. ii, 227 ; Dupin, Hist. Eccl. Writers, cent, xii ; Lan- don, Eccl. Dictionary, i, 170 ; Clarke, Sacred Litera- ture, ii, 696.