He tried to prevail on the canons of his cathedral church to submit to the common life, but met with so decided a resistance that he had to leave again his see. Leo IX sent him as his legate to Lombardy, where he died at Mantua, March 18, 1086. He wrote an apolo-
more forcible light than earlier writers, the nature gy of Gregory VII, a refutation of the claims of the and responsibilities of sin, and the need of reconeilia- , anti-pope Guibert, and a treatise against the right of tion with God. We may allow that his sense of the , the secular princes to dispose of the property of the justice of God appears to have been more profound j church. The two former may be found in Canisius, and comprehensive than those of earlier fathers; and Antiques Lectiones, and in the Blbl. Patrum. The life the basis was doubtless laid for the quantitative and \ of Anselm was written by the Jesuit Rota (Notiz di
mercantile aspects of the subject which characterized the speculations of later divines" (Brit. Quarterly, April, 1865, p. 355). As to Anselm's deficiencies, Dr. Thomson (Bishop of Gloucester) remarks that "the
San Anselnio, Verona, 1773, 8vo). — Landon, s. v.
Anselm, son of the Margrave Otto the Rich, of Ascania, became bishop of Havelberg in 1126, and arch- bishop of Ravenna in 1154 ; was Apocrisiarius of Em-
passages of Scripture that speak of the wrath of God i peror Lothaire II, and was sent as an ambassador to against man are not explicable by Anselm's system, the emperor of Constantinople for the purpose of ef- The explanation of the Baptist, that Jesus is the Lamb i fecting a union between the Roman and Greek Church- of God, that taketh away the sin of the world; the | es. He died in 1158. He wrote Three Books of Dia- propheey of His sufferings by Isaiah (ch. liii) ; the | hgues with Nicetas, archbishop of Nicomedia, about words of Peter, that He " his own self bare our sins \ tlie points in dispute between the Greek and Roman in his own body on the tree;" and passages of like ; Churches, given by D'Achery in the Spieilegium, i, import in St. Paul's writings, can only find place with 1G1 (new ed.). — Dupin, Hist. Eccl. Writers, ii, 365; Anselm by a very forced interpretation. His scheme | Cave, Hist. Lit. anno 1149 ; Landon, Eccl. Diet. s. v. i~ mainly this, that the merit of the perfect obedience | Anselm, dean of the cathedral church of Laon, of Jesus was so great as to deserve a great reward, flourished at the end of the 11th century. He died and that, in answer to the prayer of the Lord, this re- | jujv 15 1117- ue illustrated the entire Old and New
ward
riven in the form of the salvation of His
Testaments with an Interlineary Glossary, compiled
brethren. But Christ does not appear in this system ; from the fathcrs, which has been several times printed,
groaning and suffering under the curse of the world as He does in Holy Scripture. Until the time of An- selm the doctrine of the Atonement had, within cer- tain limits, fluctuated with the change of teachers; the doctrine itself was one and the same, but this or that aspect of it had been made prominent. Anselm aimed at fixing in one system the scattered truths ; and the result has been that he, like his predecessors, made some parts of the truth conspicuous to the preju- dice of the rest" (Aids to Faith, Essay viii).
Anselm is commemorated as a saint in the Church of Rome on the 21st of April. His life, by Eadmer, his friend and companion, is given in the edition of his works named below. The best edition of his works
with the additions of Lyra and others, especially at Ant- werp, in 1634; also, the Commentary on St. Matthew, and Explanations of various Passages in the Gospels, Epistles of St. Paul, Apocalypse, etc., which are printed under the name of Anselm of Canterbury, are attrib- uted by many writers to this author. But Dupin as- serts that they are from the pen of Herveus, a monk of Bourg, near Dol. — Cave, Hist. Lit. anno 1103 ; Du- pin, Hist. Eccl. Writers, ii, 364; Landon, s. v.
Ansgar. See Anschar.
Answer (usually \TllV, anah', airoKplvopai) has other significations in Scripture besides the common one in the sense of reply. 1. Moses having composed
is that entitled Opera omnia necnon Eadmeri monachi ' a thanksgiving after the passage of the Red Sea, Miri- Cantuariensis Historia (V'enet. 1744, 2 vols. fol.). A ( am, it is said, "answered;" meaning that Moses with .selection of the most important theological and philo- the men on one side, and Miriam with the women on sophical works of Anselm has been published by C. the other side, sung the same song, as it were, in two Haas (8. Anselmi opuscida pkilosophico-theoloyica selecta, choruses or divisions, of which one " answered" the vol. i, containing the Monologium and Prosloffium, Tu- other (Exod. xv, 21). So also 1 Sam. xxix, 5, where bingen, 1862). Special editions of the book Cur Deus they sung in distinct choruses ; comp. Num. xxi, 17. Homo were published at Berlin, 1857, and at London, 2. This word is likewise taken for to accuse, or to de- 1863. Anselm has been much studied of late years: a fend judicially (Gen. xxx, 33; Deut. xxxi, 21; Hos. beautiful monograph by C. Remusat (Saint Ansel me de j v, 5). 3. To "answer" is likewise taken in a bad Canterbury, 8vo, Paris, 1852) ; a study by Bohringerl sense, as when it is said that a son answers his father ( Die Kirch0. Chrisli und ihre Zevgen, ii, 224); and a co- insolently, or a servant his master (John xviii, 22; pious treatise by Hasse (1. Das Leben Anselm's ; 2. Die] Rom. ix, 20; 2 Cor. i,9). 4. To uanswer'' is also used Lehn A nselm's, 2 vols. Leipzig,1843-1852 ; an abridged i in Scripture for the commencement of a discourse, when translation by Turner, Loud. 1860, 12mo) give ample ! no reply to any question or objection is intended. facilities for the study of his history and writings. This mode of speaking is often used by the Evangel Translations of the Prosloffium and of the Cur Deus Homo arc given in the Bibliotheca Sacra, vols, viii, xi, and xii. !Scc also Gieseler, Ch. Hist, ill, 175; Dog-