mengeschichte, p. 510; Neander, Ch. Hist, iv, 237, and Hist, of Dogmas, ii, 516, et al ; Hagenbach, Hist, of Doctrines (Smith's ed.), § 180; Bushnell, Vicarious Sacrifice (N. Y. 1866); Meth. Quar. Review. Oct. 1853,
ists: "And Jesus answered &nd said." It is a Hebrew idiom (Job iii, 2 ; Cant, ii, 10 ; Zech. iii, 4 ; iv, 11, 12 ; Matt, xi, 25; xii, 38; xvii, 4; Mark ix, 5; Luke vii, 40). Soe Affirmative.
Answer of a good conscience (avvaSriffEiae aya- JHjC iirepdtrnua), a phrase occurring 1 Pet. iii, 21, very variously interpreted, but apparently signifying sim-
art. vi ; Haureau, Philos. Scholast. i, ch. viii; Mohler, ply the ability to address God in prayer (as if a re- . 1 // ji Im's Leb< n u. Schriften (Tub. Quartalschrift, 1827, sponse to His searching of the heart) with a conscience 1828); Franck, Anselm von Canterbury (Tubing. 1842, free from a sense of guilt, or the seeking after Him 8vo) ; Shedd, Hist. ofDoctrim s, 1. c. See Atonement, with a pure conscience (see Alford, in loc). See Con- Anselm, St., called Baduarius after the name of i science.
ANT
245
ANT
Ant (n?^?, nemahk', either from an Arab, root, signifying creeping, or rather from ?E3, to cut off [cir- cumcise], from its destructive habits, or, still better, from its insect form ; Sept. nup/iitf, Vulg. formica) oc- curs Prow vi, 6 ; xxx, 25. In both passages its prov- ident habits are referred to, especially its providing its food in the summer. This has generally been sup- posed to imply that these insects hoard up grains of corn, chiefly wheat, for their supply during winter, having first bitten out the germ to prevent it from j growing in their nests. Boehart has collected an im- mense array of the most eminent authors and natural- ists of antiquity (Jewish, Greek, Roman, and Arabian), who all gravely propound this assertion (Hieroz. iii, 478 sq. ; comp. Aristot. Anim. ix, 26 ; Pliny, Hist, Nut. xi, 36 ; Horace, Sat. i, 1, 38). But it is now ascertained beyond a doubt that no European ants, hitherto prop- ' erly examined, feed on corn or any other kind of grain. (See Kirby and Spence's Entomology, p. 313, 7th ed. ! London, 1856, where the question is fully discussed.) Bonnet found that, however long they had been kept without food, they would not touch corn. Nor do they attack the roots or stems of corn, nor any other vegetable matter. Nor has any species of ant been yet found with food of any kind laid up in its nest. The truth is, that ants are chiefly carnivorous, preying indiscriminately on all the soft parts of other insects, and especially the viscera ; also upon worms, whether dead or alive, and small birds or animals. If unable to drag their booty to the nest, they make an abun- dant meal upon it, and, like the bee, disgorge it, upon their return home, for the use of their companions ; and they appear able to retain at pleasure the nutri- tious juices unchanged for a considerable time. Ants are also extremely fond of saccharine matter, which thej' obtain from the exudation of trees, or from ripe fruits, etc. ; but their favorite food is the saccharine exudation from the body of the aphides, or plant-lice. Every one must have observed these insects on the rose-tree, etc. Each different species of vegetable has its peculiar species of aphis (Reaumur, vi, 566). The aphides insert their tube or sucker between the fibres of vegetables, where they find a most substan- tial nutriment. This nutriment they retain a consid- erable time, if no ant approaches them. The ant has the talent of procuring it from the aphides at pleasure. It approaches the aphis, strikes it gently and repeat- edly with its antenna;, when it instantly discharges the juice by two tubes easily discerned to be st aiding out from its body. These creatures are the milch kine of the ants. By a remarkable coincidence, which M. Huber justly considers too much to be ascribed to chance, the aphides and the ants become torpid at the same degree of cold (27 deg. Fahr.), and revive to- gether at the same degree of warmth (Huber, Natural History of Ants, p. 210, etc.).
In the Introduction to Entomology, by Kirby and Spence, some diffidence is expressed (ii, 46) respecting the inference that no exotic ants have magazines of provisions, till their habits shall have been "more ac- curately explored." Still, are we not in possession of sufficient data to form a strong presumption in regard to the ants of Palestine, to which Solomon of course alludes in his writings ? The ants of the Holy Laud certainly have to encounter a degree of cold quite as severe as ever occurs in England (Kitto, Physical Hist, of Palestine, p. 210, 216). Is it not highly probable that the ants at such times become torpid, and need no magazine of provisions? And since we learn from the same authority (p. 31) that there are intervals, even in the depth of winter, when the sun shines, and there is no wind, when it is perfectly warm, sometimes almost hot, in the open air, may not the ants of Pales- tine and their food revive together at such times, as is the case in other countries, where ants may often be seen pursuing their avocations over the snow ? With