and with the noose, and styled 1XH (tao, to, theo). To this species may be referred more particularly some of the notions respecting unicorns, since, the forehead being narrow, and the horns long and slender, if one be broken off near the root, the remaining one stands so nearly on the medial line, that, taken in connection with its white-colored hair, to uncritical inspection, a single-horned animal might appear to be really pres- ent. By nature vicious and menacing, from what may be observed in the Egyptian paintings of the in- dustry which imposture exercised, we may conclude that human art, even in earl}* ages, may have con- tributed to make artificial unicorns ; and most proba- bly those seen by some of the earlier European trav- ellers were of this kind. See Fallow Deer.
2. The ted' (ixn, Deut. xiv, 5, "wild ox;" Sept. opvZ, Vulg. oryx) or to' (xifi, Isa. li, 20, " wild bull ;" Sept. gevtXIov, Vulg. oryx; the oryx tao, or Nubian oryx, of Ham. Smith) is either a species or distinct vari- ety of leucoryx. The male, being nearly four feet high at the shoulder, is taller than that of the leucoryx ; the horns are longer, the body comparatively lighter, and every limb indicative of vigor and elasticity ; on the forehead there is a white spot, distinctly marked by the particular direction of the hair turning down- ward before the inner angle of the eye to near the
Oryx Tao, or Nubian Antelope.
mouth, leaving the nose rufous, and forming a kind of letter A. Under the eye, toward the cheek, there is a darkish spot, not very distinct ; the limbs, belly, and tail are white; the body mixed white and red, most reddish about the neck and lower hams. It is possible that the name tao or teo is connected with the white spot on the chaffron. This species resides chief- ly in the desert west of the Nile, but is most likely not unknown in Arabia; certain it is that both are figured on Egyptian monuments (the Antllope defassa of Wilkinson, Anc. Eg. iii, 18, cut 327), the leucoryx being distinguished by horns less curved, and by some indications of black on the face. See Wild Ox.
3. The oryx addax may have been known to the Hebrews by the name of "jl'lZJ"1"} (dishon , Deut. xiv, 5, "pygarg;" Sept. -wvyanyoQ, Vulg. pygargus). It is three feet seven inches at the shoulder, has the same structure as the others, but is somewhat higher at the croup ; it has a coarse beard under the gullet, a black scalp and forehead, divided from the eyes and nose by a white bar on each side, passing along the brows and down the face to the cheek, and connected with one another between the eyes. The general color of the fur is white, with the head, neck, and shoulders more or less liver-color gray ; but what dis- tinguishes it most from the others are the horns, which
ANTELUCANI
250
ANTHONY
Oryx Addax, or I'ygurg Antelope.
in structure and length assimilate with those of the other species, but in shape assume the spiral flexures of the Indian antelope. The animal is figured on Egyptian monuments, and may be the pygarg or dishon, uniting the characters of a white rump with strepsice- rotine horns, and even those which Dr. Shaw ascribes to his " lidmee." — Kitto, s. v. See Pygarg.
A subgenus of the antelope family is the gazella, of which one or more species appear to be designated in Scripture by the terms ^SX, tseb'i , Sopicac,. See Ga- zelle; Zoology.
Antelucani (sc. ccetus), i. e. before Aaylight. In times of persecution the Christians, being unable to meet for divine worship in the open day, held their assemblies in the night. The like assemblies were afterward continued from feelings of piety and devo- tion, and called antelucan or night assemblies. This custom is noticed in Pliny's Letter to Trajan (lib. x, ep. 97). — Bingham, Orig. Keel. bk. xiii, ch. x, § 11.
Anterus, St., bishop of Rome, a Greek by birth, succeeded St. Pontianus, and was, according to Euse- bius, the eighteenth, according to others the nine- teenth, bishop of Rome. According to the same his- torian, he was elected in 238, and died one month later. But, according to Baronius, who is followed In- most of the modern historians, his election falls into the year 235. Anterus ordered the acts of the mar- tyrs to be collected, which is said to have occasioned the persecution in which he suffered martyrdom him- self (see Baronius, ad ami. 137, and the notes of Pagi and Mansi).
Anthedon ('Am&jjowv, apparently a Greek name, signifying floirery), a city on the coast of Palestine, 20 stadia from Gaza (Sozomen, Hist. Erel. v, 9), to the south-west (comp. Ptolemy, in Reland, Palcvst. p. 460). It was taken and destroyed by Alexander Jannajus (Josephus, Ant. xiii, 13, 3; comp. 15, 4), but restored by Gabinius (ib. xiv, 5, 3), and added by Augustus to the dominions of Herod the Great (ib. xv, 7, 3), who changed its name to Agrippias ('Ayp«rjriac, ib. xiii, 13, 3). In the Chronicon Pasehdk it appears as Cari- anthedon, i. e. Keriath ("city") of Anthedon (Reland, Pakest. p. 5G7). In the time of Julian it was much addicted to Gentile superstition (Sozomen, ut sup.), particularly the worship of Astarte (Venus), as appears from a coin of Antoninus and Caracalla (Vaillant, Numitm. Colon. ]i. 115), its bishops are named in several of the early councils (Reland, ib. p. 568). The notices correspond very well to the position assigned by Van de Velde (Map) at Tell Ajjvr, a small village on the shore near Gaza (Robinson, Researches, ii, 351).