Anthony, St., of Padua, born at Lisbon in 1195, was at first an Augustinian monk; joined in 1220 the Franciscans, went in 1221 as missionary to Africa, lived for some time as hermit in Sicily, labored with great effect as preacher of repentance throughout It- aly, and was the leader of the rigorous party in the Franciscan order against the mitigations introduced by the general Elias. See Franciscans. Tradition ascribes to him the most astounding miracles, e. g. that the fishes came to listen to his open-air sermons, etc. He died at Padua in 1231, and was canonized in 1232. He is commemorated on June 13. He is pa- tron saint of Padua, and also venerated with great dis- tinction in Portugal. His works (sermons, a mystical explanation of the Scriptures, etc.) are of no great im- portance. They have been published, together with those of St. Francis of Assisi, by De la Have, Ant- werp, 1623. See Wadding, Annales minor. ; Tritheim and Bellarmin, De Script, eccles. ; Dirks, L'fe of St. An- thony of Padua (transl. from the French, N. Y. 1866).
Anthony de Dominis. See Dominis.
Anthony de Rosellis, of Arezzo, about the year 1450 was made secretary of the Emperor Frederick III. He died at Padua in 1467, leaving a work enti- tled Monorchia, in five parts, on the powers of the em- peror and the pope, in which he endeavors to show that the pope has not authority in temporal matters, and that in spiritual affairs he is subject to the Church. This remarkable work was printed at Venice in 1483, 1587, and is to be found in Goldastus, Monarch, i, 252- 556. It is, of course, placed upon the Index Expurga- torius. — Cave, Hist. Lit. anno 1450 ; Landon, s. v.
Anthony of Nebrija, or, with a Latin name, A ntonius Nebrissensis, a Spanish theologian and histori- an, born in 1444, and died in 1532. He was appointed by Cardinal Ximenes professor at the university Al- cala de Henares, and colaborer at the Complutensian Bible Polyglot. He was a\so biographer of Ferdinand the Catholic. He wrote, besides a number of works
ANTHONY 2
on classical antiquity, a Dictionarium quadruplex (Al- cala, 1532, fol.) ; Quinquagena locorum 8. Scriptural non vulgari/er enarratorum (Paris, 1520; Basle, 1543), a remarkable book, in an exegetical point of view, be- cause it takes the original text for its basis. — Prescott, Ferdinand and Isabella, i, 456.
Anthony, St., Okdeks of. 1. The monastic or- ders of the Eastern (Greek, Armenian, Jacobite, Cop- tic, Abyssinian) churches call themselves either after St. Anthony or St. Basil. Neither Anthony himself nor his disciples had founded a religious order, but when the rule of Basil began to spread in the Eastern churches, and most of the monks called themselves after him, some, out of veneration for Anthony, pre- ferred to assume his name. Among the Eastern churches united with Rome, the Chaldeans, Maron- ites, and United Armenians have orders of Antonian monks. The Chaldeans have only one convent, Man Hormes, near Mosul, called after St. Hormisdas. The Maronite Antonians are subdivided into three classes : the Aleppines, who have their monasteries in the cit- ies, and the Baladites and Libanensians, whose monas- teries are on the Lebanon. Together, they have about 60 monasteries, with 1500 monks. The Armenian An- tonians are divided into two classes — an older branch on the Lebanon, and a younger one established by Mekhitar. See Mekhitar. The Antonians of the Eastern churches together number about 3000. — Hcl- yot, Ord. Reliqieux, ii, 504 ; P. Karl vom heil. AI03-S, Jahrbuch, 1862, p. 70.
2. A military order, founded by Albert of Bavaria, count of Hainault, Holland, and Zealand, in 1382, when he was about to make war on the Turks, and styled '"The Order of the Knights of St. Anthony." They wear a collar of gold, fashioned like the girdle of a hermit, to which is appended a bell and crutch, such as are represented in pictures of St. Anthony. — Helvot, Ordres Relic/, ii, 5<:6; Landon, s. v.
3. A congregation of Eegular Canons, founded in 1095 at Vienna (see Reimbold, De Antonianis, Lips. 1737). The so-called " relics of St. Anthony" were brought from the East in 1070 by Josselin of Touraine, who founded for their reception the " Church of St. Anthony," in La Mothe St. Didier, of which town he was lord. The disease vulgarly called " St. Anthony's lire'' was then very prevalent; and it is reported that wonderful cures were wrought at the shrine of St. Anthony. Two gentlemen, named Gaston, wTho de- voted all their property to the work, assisted by seven others, built, for their accommodation, a hospital in the town. One account says that Gaston's son had been cured, and that this charity was the fulfilment of a vow. It is to these hospitallers that the order of St. Anthony owes its origin. The order soon took root in most of the kingdoms of Europe, and even in Asia and Africa. Gaston was made grand-master of the order, and all the other establishments recognised that at La-Mothe, or, as it came now to be called, St. An- toine, as their chief. Eventually, all these houses be- came so many commanderies, which were divided into (1.) General, i. e. dependent immediately on that in the city of St. Antoine; and (2.) Subaltern, i. e. de- pendent on one or other of the general commanderies. The hospitallers were bound to a uniform and common mode of life, and bore a figure resembling the Greek Tau on their dress. In 12!)7, Aimon de Montagni, the seventeenth master, perceiving that the malady which had been the origin of the order was fast disap- pearing, and fearing lest, with the cessation of the dis- ease, the order itself should cease, demanded of Pope Boniface VIII a new form of constitution. This the pope granted, and the new hospitallers of St. Anthony became regular canons, following the rule of St. Au- gustine ; and the hospital founded by Gaston, and the church built by Josselin, being united to the prior}' of Benedictines, which previously existed there, and which was ceded to the new order, together formed