'. has; Ign. Eph., for Epistle of Ignatius to the Ephe- sians ; Ign. Magn., Ignatius to the Magnesians ; Ign.
' Tral., Ignatius to the Trallians ; Ign. Pom., Ignatius to the Romans; Ign. Phil., Ignatius to the Philadel- phians ; Ign. Smyrn., Ignatius to the Smyrnseans ; Ign. Pol., Ignatius to Polycarp; Pol., for Epistle of Poly- carp to the Philippians ; Iter. Vis., the Visions of Her- nias ; Her. Man., the Commands of Hennas ; Her. Sim., the Similitudes of Hernias.
I. These fathers bear direct testimony to time of St. Paul's Epistles. — (1.) Clem. 47: "Take in your hands the epistle of Saint Paul the apostle. What did he write to you when the Gospel first began to be preach- ed? (ii> apyy rot> Ei/ayyekiov. Comp. Hefele's Latin version). Truly be was moved of the Spirit to write you concerning himself and Cephas and Apollos, be- cause even then you had begun to form factions. But this faction did not lead you into the worst sins, be- cause you yielded to apostles so illustrious, and to a man approved by them." Here the reference to 1
APOSTOLICAL FATHERS
-Til
APOSTOLICAL FATHERS
Cor. i, 12, is unmistakable. Paul's inspiration is also claimed. — (2.) Ign. Eph.11: "Ye are partakers of the sacred mysteries with Paul, .... who also, throughout his whole epistle (tv Traay iTriaroXy, not 'every ep.' Credner, Einleit. i, 395, has no ground to claim that this passage has been interpolated from the larger [spurious] recension), makes mention of you in Christ Jesus." Here the reference to Eph. i, 9 ; iii, 3, is very striking. — (3.) Pol. 3: "Neither I, nor any other like m;, can attain unto the wisdom of the sainted and il- lustrious Paul, who, when he was with you in the pres- ence of men then living, taught most fully and forci- bly the word of truth ; and, when absent from you, wrote a letter (tmaroXAe, plur. for sing. ; compare De Wette, EM. i. d. X. T. p. 7, 3d ed. § 150), by which you may be built up in the faith, if you study it atten- tively." Compare Phil, i, 27. — Pol. 11 : " But I have neither perceived nor heard any thing of the kind among you, with whom St. Paul labored, who are [praised] in the beginning of his epistle." (Hefele endorses the conjecture that "lauduti" has been lost from the text, with the loss of the Greek in ch. x, xi, and xii.) Comp. Phil, i, 5.
II. A few passages of the X. T. are distinctly quoted, either as the language of the Lord, the apostles, or of "Scripture." — Bar. 4: "Let us beware, therefore, lest we be found, as it is written, Many are called, few are chosen" (Matt, xx, 16 ; xxii, 14. The signs of quota- tion in this and the next instance, scriptum est, inquit, are constantly employed by Barnabas in citing from O. T.). — Bar. 7 : "So they, inquit, who desire to see me and be received into my kingdom, must reach me through afflictions and sufferings" (Matt, xvi, 24. Compare Hefele, Sendschreiben des Ap. Barn. p. G6+). — Clem. 34 : " For, he says, eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, nor have entered into the heart of man, what things he hath prepared for them that wait for him" (1 Cor. ii, 9, almost exactly ; while both Paul and Clem- ent differ in synonymes, arrangement, and everj- thing but sentiment, from the Sept. of Isa. lxiv, 3, 4, whence Paul quotes). — Clem. 4G : "Remember the words of the Lord Jesus ; for he said, Woe to that man ; it had been good for that man if he had not been born (Matt, xxvi, 24) ; rather than offend one of my elect (Matt, xviii, 6), it were better for him that a millstone were hanged about him, and that he were drowned in the sea, than that he should offend one of these little ones" (Mark ix, 42 ; Luke xvii, 2). Similar examples of citing from various gospels under the general designation of \6yoi tou Kvplov may be found in Clem. Alex. Str.m. iii, 18 ; also frequently in Irenreus and Justin Martyr. — Pol. 2: "Mindful of what our Lord said when he taught, 'Judge not, that ye be not judged (Matt, vii, 1, lit.) ; forgive, and ye shall be forgiven (Luke vi, 37) ; be merciful, that ye may obtain mere}- (Luke vi, 3G) ; in what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again (Matt, vii, 2) ; and blessed are the poor, and those who suffer persecution, for theirs is the kingdom of God'" (Matt, v, 3; Luke vi, 20). — Pol. 7: "The Lord said, 'The spirit truly is ready, but the flesh is weak'" (Mark xiv, 38, lit.). — Pol. xi: "Do we not know that the saints shall judge the world, as St. Paul teaches?" (J Cor. \i, 2, apparently literal, but the Greek is lost. Credner's ground for suspecting the last clause is singular enough— because Polycarp never gives the name of an author cited! Einl. i. d. X. T. p. 445). — Pol. 12: "As is said in these Scriptures, Be ye angry, and sin not (Psa. iv, 5, quoted by Paul without acknowledgment) ; and, let not the sun go down upon your wrath" (Eph. iv, 26; O. and N. T. blended as " scriptures"). These are believed to be the only examples of explicit citations with marks of quotation, except such as may have been taken from the Sept. or the N. T. Alleged misquotations will lie discussed in the sequel.