(note the plur. "poets"). See Schmid, De Arato (Jen. 1G91).
Arau'nah (Heb. Aravnah', ilSI^H, 2 Sam. xxiv, 16-24 [ver. 1G flS'lfX, ver. 18 rrrnN], perhaps anoth- er form of Oman ; Sept. 'Opvd) or Or'nan (Heb. Or- nau ', "3"1X, nimble; 1 Chron. xxi ; 2 Chron. iii, 1; Sept. 'Opvd), a man of the Jebusite nation, which pos- sessed Jerusalem before it was taken by the Israel- ites. The angel of pestilence, sent to punish King David for his presumptuous vanity in taking a cen- sus of the people, was stayed in the work of death near a plot of ground belonging to this person, used as a threshing-floor, and situated on Mount Moriah ; and when he understood it was required for the site of the Temple, he liberally offered the ground to Da- vid as a free gift ; but the king insisted on paying the full value for it (50 shekels of silver according to 2 Sam. xxiv, 18, but GOO shekels of gold according to 1 Chron. xxi, 18). B.C. cir. 1017. See David. Jo- sephus, who calls him Oronna QOpovva, Ant. vii, 13, 4), adds that he was a wealth}' man among the Jebu- sites, whom David spared in the capture of the city on account of his good-will toward the Hebrews {Ant. vii, 3, 3). Sec Moriah.
Ar'ba (Heb. Arba ', V^#, four, but see Simonis Onom. V. T. p. 312 sq. ; Sept. 'Ap/3oic v. r. Apyo/3), a giant, father of Anak (q. v.), from whom Hebron (q. v.) derived its early name of Kirjath-Arba, i. e. city of Arba (Josh. xiv. 15; xv. 13; xxi, 11). B.C. ante 1G18. See Giant.
Ar'bathite (Heb. Arbathi' ', ^yj, Sept. 'Apa- /3w3i'r?/c, but in Chron. 2ap«/3f3-.2r« v. r. TapafiaiSri), an epithet of Abiel, one of David's warriors (2 Sam. xxiii, 31 ; 1 Chron. xi, 32), probably as being an in- habitant of Araraii (Josh, xv, Gl ; xxiii, 22).
Arfoat'tis (only in the dat. plur. 'Apiic'irroie, with many var. readings, see Grimm, Handb. in loc), a city or region named in connection with Galilee as being despoiled by Simon Maccabams (1 Mac. v, 23). Ewald (Isr. Gesch. iv, 359 note) thinks (from the Syriac read- ing Ard Dot) that the district now called Ard el-Bat l- bah, north of the sea of Galilee, is intended, and oth- ers have conjectured the Arabah, Arabia, etc.; but the most probable supposition is that of Reland (Palwst. p. 192), that the name is a corruption (comp. 2 Mace, v, 3) of that of the toparchy called by Josephus (IFar, iii, 3, 4 and 5) Acrabattine (q. v.).
Arbeh. See Locust.
Ar'bel. See Beth-arbel.
Arbe'la (-<i Ap/3//\a), mentioned in 1 Mace, ix, 2, as defining the situation of Masaloth, a place be- sieged and taken by Bacchides and Alcimus at the opening of the campaign in which Judas Maccabseus was killed. According to Josephus {Ant. xii, 11, 1) this was at Arbela of Galilee (tv Ap/3//Aoir), a place which he elsewhere states to be near Sepphoris, on the lake of Gennesareth, and remarkable for certain im- pregnable caves, the resort of robbers and insurgents, and the scene of more than one desperate encounter (comp. Ant. xiv, 15,4 and 5; War, i, 16, 2 and 3; ii, 20, 6; Lfe, 37). These topographical requirements are fully met by the existing Irbid, a site with a few ruins, west of Mejdel, on the south-east side of the Wady Ilamani, in a small plain at the foot of the bill of Kurun Hattin. The caverns are in the opposite face of the ravine, and bear the name of Kulat Ibn Maan (Robinson, ii, 398; Burckh. 331; Irby, 91). As to the change in the name, the Arbela of Alexan- der the Groat is called Irbll by the Arabic historians (Robinson, ii, 399'). Moreover, the present Irbid is undoubtedly mentioned in the Talmud as Arbel (see Schwarz, Palest. 189 ; Belaud. Palast. 358 ; Robinson, iii, 343 note). There seems, therefore, no reason to doubt the soundness of this identification (first sug-
ARBELA
361
ARCADE
gested in the Munch. Gel. Anzeige, Nov. 183G). The of Bourbon, abbess of Fontevrault— Maihfi rme, Ih's-
army of Baccbides was on its road from Antioch to sertationes in Epistolam contra Eobertum da Arlrisello
the land of Judaea (y/)v 'lovSa), which the}' were ap- ! (Saumur, 1G82) ; Hoefer, Neuv. Bit graphic Gintrale,
proaching '! by the way that leadeth to Galgala" (Gil- iii, 23.
gal), that is, by the valley of the Jordan in the direct Arbuthnot, Alexander, a Scotch divine, was
line to which Irbid lies. Ewald, however (Gtsch. Isr. born m 1533. He was educated in the University of
iv, 370 note), insists, in opposition to Josephus, that St. Andrew's, and then went to France and prosecuted
the engagements of this campaign were confined to his studies under Cujacius. Being declared licentiate
Judaea proper, a theory which drives him to consider of laws, he came home in 15C6 to follow that profes-
" Galgala" as the Jiljilia north of Gophna. See Gil- sion ; but he soon left the bar for the pulpit. In 15G8
GAL. But he admits that no trace of an Arbela in he was made principal of the University of Aberdeen.
that direction has yet come to light. Arbela is prob- ably the Beth-arbel (q. v.) of Hos. x, 14.— Smith. Arbela ('Ap/3?/Xfi), another city mentioned by