Archelaus is also the name of several other per- sons mentioned 1))' Josephus.
1. The last of the kings of Cappadocia by that name, who received the throne (B.C. 34) from Marc Antony, and was afterward held in great esteem by Augustus and the succeeding emperors, but at length fell under the displeasure of Tiberius, and died at Rome, A.D. 17. (See Smith's Diet, of Class. Ding. s. v.) He was on intimate terms with Herod the
Coin of Archelaus of Cappadocia; the He verse hearing a club and the inscription (in Greek), "Of King Archelaus, Philo- patris, the Founder" (i. e. of Eleusa).
2. Julius Archelaus Epiphanes, son of Antiochus and grandson of Chelcias ; he espoused Mariamne, the young daughter of Herod Agrippa I, while yet a girl of ten years ; but before she became marriageable she was shamefully deflowered by the soldiery (Jose- phus, Ant. xix, 9, 1).
3. Son of Magadotus, and one of the deserters to the Romans during the final siege of Jerusalem (Jo- sephus, War, vi, 4, 2).
Archelaus, bishop of Carrha in Mesopotamia, A.D. 278, held a public dispute with a heretic, Manes, an account of which he published in Syriac, soon translated into Greek and Latin (Socrates, Hist. Eccl. i, 22 ; Jerome, De Vir. Illustr. 72). The Lat. version has been printed by Zaccagnius (Collect. Mom. Vet, Rome, 1698) and Fabricius (in his ed. of Hippolytus).
Archelaus, a bishop of Cajsarea in Cappadocia, who wrote a work against the heresy of the Messa- lians (A.D. 440), which is referred to by Photius (Cod. 52).— Cave, Hist. Lit. s. an.
Archer ("-"p, kashshath' , a bowman, Gen. xxi, 20; C "15Sn-'b^ 2, baal-chitstsim', arro -r-man, Gen. xlix, 23 ; fvSjSS T3"X, tnosh' bakke' sheth, bowman, 1 Sam. xxxi, 3 ; niUjBSl i"H"i*2, moreh' bakke'sheth, shooter with the bow, 1 Chron. x, 3 ; t"llTJ|3 Tft'X, dorek' he' 'sheth, one bending the bote, Jer. Ii, 3; comp. Isa. xxi, 17; xxiii, 3; but simply fMt5j3, ke' sheth, a bow, in Isa. xxii, 3 ; comp. Psa. lxxviii, 57 ; while in Job xvi, 13, the word is 2^, rab, great, prob. a host). From
the frequent appearance of combatants armed with bows and arrows on the Egyptian monument- i - e Wilkinson's Anc. Egypt, i, 337, 354, 405) and Baby- lonish sculptures (see Layard's Nineveh, ii, 261), we may conclude that this art is of very high antiquity (see Jahn's Archdol. § 278). In Gen. xxi, 20, Ish-
ARCHES
372
ARCHITECTURE
Ancient Assyrian Archi-r
mael is spoken of as an archer, and again in Gen. xxvii. 3, but with reference to hunting rather than to Avar; and this appears to have been long the case ■with the Israelites, though the neighboring nations employed it for military purposes. See Armor. Saul, we read (1 Sam. xxxi, 3), was wounded' by the Philistine archers, and it has been conjectured that it was the unskillfulness of the Israelites with this weapon which led David, while lamenting the death of the king and his sons, to give directions for " teach- in? the children of Judah
the use of the bow" (2 Sam. i, 18). See Bow. If such were the case, his efforts were successful, for, after this period, from its frequent mention in the Holy Scriptures, archery would appear to have been considered as of great importance, so much so that '• breaking the bow" is a phrase often employed by the sacred writers for taking away one's power (Hos. i, 5 ; Jer. xlix, 35), while " strengthening the bow" was a symbol of the increase of influence (Gen. xlix, 24). The Persians were famous among the ancients for their archers (Isa. xiii, 18 ; Jer. xlix, 35 ; 1, 1-42). See Bowman.
Arches, Court of. This court, which subsisted in England before the time of Henry II, is a court of appeal, belonging to the archbishop of Canterbury ; the judge is called the dean of arches, because he an- ciently held his court in the church of St. Mary-le- bow (Sancta Maria de Arcubus). The spiritual courts are now held at Doctors' Commons.
Ar'chevite (Chald. only in the plur. emphatic, Arlceoay '. x"~~X ; Sept. 'Apxi'aioi), one of the na- tions transplanted by the Assyrians in place of the captive Samaritans, and who joined afterward in op- posing the returned Jews (Ezra iv, 9), probably in- habitants of the city Erech (q. v.), mentioned (Gen. x, 10) as an early settlement of Nimrod.
Ar'chi (Heb. Arki', "O^X; Sept. combines with the following word. ' \n\ia7ainoa ; Vulg. Archi Ata- ri,th ; but the Ileb. has no connective between the words, where the Auth. Vers, has prop, supplied the best relation ',to"), a city or place on the boundary of Benjamin and Ephraim, between Bethel and Ata- rotb (Josh, xvi, 2); supposed by some to be the re- gion of Beni-Zeid (Keil, Comment, in loc), which, however, is too far north [see Ataroth], and rather to be sought in the valley west of Bethel, perhaps at the ruined site called Kefr Miisr. See Tribe. It appears to designate (collectively used) a clan inhab- iting a district called Erech (different, of course, from that in Babylonia, Gen. x, lit), elsewhere named only as the residence of Hushai the Archite (Heb. Arki\ ""X. Sept. ' \n\! v. r. 'Aoo-y), one of those who ad- hered to I 'avid during Absalom's rebellion (2 Sam. xv, :iL' ; ■: \ i, ID). See AhCHITE.