Atrium. In ancient churches, between the first porch, called the propylaum, or vestibulum magnum, and the church itself, was a lar^e area or square plot of ground, which the Latins called atrium or impluvi- H, <i. because it was a court open to the air without any com rin.;. It was surrounded by cloisters. In this place Btood the first class of penitents, according to
Eusebius, who says it was the mansion of those who were not allowed to enter farther into the church. They generally stood in this porch to beg the prayers of the faithful. Bingham, Orig. Eccl. bk. viii, ch. iii, § 5 ; Farrar, / • V . Diction try, s. v.
A'trotii (Num. xxxii, 85). Sec Ataroth.
At'tai (Heb. A ttay/, ^frS, perhaps opportune, comp, Ittai), the name of three men.
1. (Sept. 'I&Sti v. r. 'E37.) A son of the daughter of Sheshan (of the tribe of Judah) by his Egyptian servant Jarha, and the father of Nathan (1 Chron. ii, 35, 36). B.C. prob. ante 1658.
2. (Sept. 'ESSrti v. r. 'Iwi.) The sixth of David's mighty men from the tribe of Gad during his freeboot- er's life in the desert of Judcea (1 Chron. xii, 11). B.C. cir. 1061.
3. (Sept. 'l&Si v. r. 'lirSa.) The s^ond of the four sons of King Kehoboam, by his second and favorite wife Maachah, the daughter of Absalom (2 Chron. xi, 20). B.C. post 972.
Attali'a ('ArraXna), a maritime city of Pamphylia (near Lycia, to which it is assigned by Stephen of Byzantium), in Asia Minor, near the mouth of the riv- er Catarrhactes (see Wesseling, ad Antonin. /tin. p. 579, 670). It derived its name from its founder, Atta- ins Philadelphns, king of Pergamus (Strabo, xiv, 657), who ruled over the western part of the peninsula from the north to the south, and was in want of a port which should be useful for the trade of Egypt and Syria, as Troas was for that of the iEgean. All its remains are characteristic of the date of its foundation. It was visited by Paul and Barnabas on their first missionary tour, being the place from which they sailed on their return to Antioch from their journey into the inland parts of Asia Minor (Acts xiv, 25). It does not appear that they made any stay, or attempted to preach the Gospel in Attalia (see Conybeare and Howson's St. Paul, i, 200). This city, however, though compara- tively modern at that time, was a place of considera- ble importance in the first century. Its name in the twelfth century appears to have been Satalia, a corrup- tion, of which the crusading chronicler, William of Tyre, gives a curious explanation. It still exists un- der the name of Adalia (Biisching, Erdbeschr. xi, 1, 121), and extensive and important ruins attest the for- mer consequence of the city (Leake's Asia Minor, p. 193). This place stands on the west of the Catarrhac- tes, where Strabo (xiv, 4) places it; Ptolemy, how- ever (v, 5, 2), places the ancient city on the east of the river, on which accounts Admiral Beaufort {Karama- nia, p. 135) held the present Laara to be the represent- ative of Attalia, and the modern Adalia (or Satalia) to be the site of the ancient Olbia, which Mannert (Geog. vi, 130) thought to be the same with Attalia (see For- biger, A tie Geogr. ii, 268); but Spratt and Forbes {Ly- cia, i, 217) have found the remains of Olbia farther west, and it is therefore probable that the bed of the Catarrhactes changed at different times (see Smith's Diet, nf 'Class. Geogr. s. v.).
At'talus {"\Tra\or, a Macedonian name of uncer- tain signification), a king of Pergamus in the time of the Jewish prince Simon (1 Mace, xi, 22), and, as would appear from the connected circumstances, about B.C. 139; a closer determination of the date depends upon the year of the consul Lucius (q. v.), named in the same connection (ver. 16). which is itself doubtful. As Attains was the name of three kings of Pergamus, who reigned respectively B.C. 241-197, 159rlS8 (Phil- adelphia). 138-133 (Philometor), and were all faithful allies of the Romans (Liv. xiv, 13), it is uncertain whether the letters sent from Pome in favor of the Jews (1 Mace, xv, 22) were addressed to Attalus II (Polyb. xxv, 6; xxxi, 9; xxxii, 3, 5, 8, etc., 25 sq. ; Just', xxxv. 1 ; xxxvi, I, 5 ; App. Midi, 62), known as the "friend of the Roman people" (Strabo, xiii, p. 624), or Attalus III (Philometor), the nephew and successor of Attalus II, and son of Eumenes II, who ascended the throne B.C. 138, and by whose testament the kingdom of Pergamus passed over (B.C. 133) into the hands of the, Romans (Justin, xxxvi, 4 ; Flor. ii, 20; Strabo, xiii, 021). Josephus quotes a decree of the Pergamenes in favcr of the Jews {Ant. xiv, 10. 22)
ATTENDANT 527
in the time of Hjrcanus, about B.C. 112 (comp. Rev. ii, 12-17).— Smith, s. v.
Attendant Genius. See Guardian Axgel.