fol. 1572; 4to, 1573; fol. 1574, 1575, 4to, 1570, 1577; fol.
157 S, 15S4: 4to, 15S4; fol. 15S5, 15Ss, 1591, 15(5, 159s,
1602,1606). 9. Beza's Lat. tr. by Tomson : New Test. (Lond. 157C, Svo) ;
afterward in many '•'•Genevan" Bibles.
III. King James's. The editions of this have been innumerable (see the Appendix to Anderson's Annals of the Bible, Lond. ed.).
The following are some of the attempts at an im- proved English version of the Scriptures (not includ- ing those for critical purposes contained in commen- taries, etc.) : Harwood, ATew Test. (Lond. 1768, 2 vols. 8vo) ; Purver, Old and New Test. (Lond. 1764, 2 vols, fol); Worsley, New Covenant (Lond. 1770, 8vo) ; Ged-
; des, Bible [Gen. to Ruth] (Lond. 1792-1800, 3 vols. 4to) ; Wakefield, New Test. (Lond. 1795, 2 vols.' 8vo); Newcome, New Covenant (Duhl. 1796, 2 vols. 8vo); McKae, Eastern Bible (Lond. 1799, 8vo; Glasg. 1815, 4to, and 3 vols. 8vo) ; Tomlinson, Attempt, etc. (Lond. 1803, 8vo) ; Bellamy, Bible (incomplete, Lond. 1818 sq., 4to; severely criticized); Webster, Bible (N. H. 1833, Svo) ; Penn, New Covenant (Lond. 1836, 8vo) ; Greaves, Gospel, etc. (Lond. 1828, 18mo); Hussey, Bi- ble (Lond. 1844, 3 vols. 8vo) ; Cambpell, New Test. (3d ed. Bethany, Va. 1833, 24mo) ; Sawyer, New Test. (Bost. 1858, 8vo) ; Boothroyd, Bible (Lond. 1853, royal 8vo) ; Norton, Gospels (Bost. 1855, Svo) ; and the pub- lications of the Am. [Bapt.] Bible Union (q. v.). See English Versions.
Autocephali (avroiek^aXoi), a term applied, in
| the Greek Church, to bishops not subject to patriarchal jurisdiction. Such were, in the Greek Church, the
; Archbishop of Bulgaria and some other metropolitans, who claimed to be independent of the see of Constanti- nople; in the Church of Antioch, the Archbishop of Salamis, in Cyprus ; and among the Latins, the Arch- bishop of Ravenna, who denied all dependence on the popes. Such also was the ancient liberty of the Brit- ish Church, of which the remaining seven bishops, in the time of St. Augustine, acknowledged no superior but the Archbishop of Caerleon (Spelman, Con. Brit. A.D. 601). Originally all metropolitans were inde- pendent of any patriarch or exarch, ordering the af- fairs of their own province with their provincial bish-
I ops, and accountable to no superior but a synod ; but
I in process of time the bishops of the great cities of the empire arrogated to themselves rights over the prov- inces of their dioceses, such as that of ordaining metro- politans, convoking the synod of the diocese, and of inspection over all the provinces in their obediences. Such were the rights of the Bishop of Rome over the diocese of the vicariate of Rome, or the suburbicarian churches (6th can. of Nicaja). and those of the see of Alexandria over Egypt, Libya, and the Thebaid. Be- sides these autocephali, those bishops who were subject to no metropolitan, but were immediately dependent on the patriarch, who was to them instead of a metrc- politan, were so styled. In the diocese of Constanti- nople there were thirty-nine, or, as some accounts have
AUTO DA FE
567
AVARAN
it, forty-two such bishops ; in that of Antioch, sixteen ; in that of Jerusalem, twenty-five. The earliest men- tion of such bishops is in the Notifiu of the Emperor Leo in the ninth century. — Bingham, Orig. Eccl. bk. ii, ch. xxix, § 1, 2, 3; Landon, Eccl. Diet. s. v.
Auto da Fe (Spanish, from the Latin Actus Fi- dei, "act of faith"), a ceremony in the acts of the Spanish Inquisition in which condemned heretics were punished, and those acquitted of heresy were released. The auto da fo generally took place on a Sunday, be- tween Pentecost and Advent, and very often on All- saints'-day. The procession was headed by the Do- minican monks, carrying the banner of the Inquisition. Following these, and separated from them by a cruci- fix, were those whom the Inquisition had pardoned. Next marched those who were condemned to death, attired in a peculiar habit, barefooted, their head cov- ered with a high cap, on which were painted devils and flames. Finally came effigies of such as had avoid- ed condemnation by flight, and the coffins of the vic- tims, painted black, with images of devils and flames on them. The march was closed by priests, who ac- companied the procession through the principal streets of the city as far as the church, where a sermon on faith was delivered. The verdict of the Inquisition was then read to the accused, who were obliged to stand in front of a cross, with extinguished tapers in their hands. As soon as the sentence of death was read against anyone, an officer of the Inquisition gave the accused a slight tap on the chest to signify his sur- rendering the culprit to the secular authorities. The condemned wrere then loaded with chains, taken to prison, and two hours afterward cited before the high- er court, where they were asked in what religion they preferred to die. Such as declared their adherence to the Roman Church were strangled, the others burnt alive. A stake was prepared on the place of execution for each victim. Two priests invited each of them to make their peace with the church, and, when all their efforts failed, solemnly consigned them to the devil. The burning then commenced ; and the remains of such as were already dead, together with the effigies of such as had fled, were also thrown into the fire. The daj' after the auto da fe, those whom the Inquisition had pardoned were (after swearing never to reveal what had taken place during their trial) restored to the places from whence they had been taken when ar- rested. On the occasion of an auto da fe, the Inquis- itors wrcre accompanied by the civil and military au- thorities, the nobility, and even the king and princes, while people of all ranks crowded to see the exhibi- tion. No auto da fe has taken place since the middle of the 18th century ; and the sentences after that time, up to the abolition of the Inquisition in 1808 by Joseph Napoleon, were carried into execution privately, in the buildings of the Inquisition. See Inquisition.