2. (Sept. 'HAioi'ttoXic, Eng. marg. "Heliopolis.") Another name for ( >x (q. v.) in Egypt (Ezek. xxx, 17). The intention of the prophet is doubtless to play upon
AVEXARIUS
569
AVITE
the name in the same manner as Amos and Hosea. See No. 1, above.
3. (Sept. JQv.) A shorter form (Amos x, 8) of Beth- aven (q. v.) or Bethel.
I Avenarius, John, a Protestant theologian, born .at Eger in 1520, died at Zeitz, Dec. 5, 1590. After having been in succession pastor at Plauen, Gessnitz, Schoenfels, he was appointed professor of theology at Jena, and in 1575 became superintendent at Zeitz. He is the author of a celebrated Prayer-book, which went through a great number of editions (Strasburg,
Avila, Juan de, a famous Spanish preacher, sur- named the "Apostle of Andalusia," because he spent 40 years of his life in preaching to the towns and vil- lages of Andalusia, was born in 1500 at Almodovar del Campo, in New Castile, and died May 10, 1509. He is the author of a number of religious works, which are still held in great esteem by Roman Catholics. A complete edition of his works, together with a biogra- phy, was published by Martin Kuiz under the title Vida y Obras de Juan de A rili, predicador apostolico de VAndahma (Madrid, 1618, 2 vols. 4to, reprinted in 1757). A French translation of his works was pub- lished by Arnauld d'Andilly (Paris, 1073, fol.), and a
1578, etc.), and was translated by Zader into Latin
He also published a Hebrew Grammar and Dictionary, J Qe^an bv Schermer ( and several other works. — lloefer, Biographic Gene- \
rale, iii, 826. A'vim (Heb. Avvim', with the article, b^Stt, the
Avenger of Blood (biti, goeV , fully Gin ixa), I ruins, or the Avmtet1 tower ; Sept. Aiifi v. r. Aveiv), a a term applied to the nearest relative of a murdered I «tv in the tribe of Benjamin, mentioned between person, inasmuch as he had the right, and on him de- ! Bethel and P?rah (J?sb- svnl: 2:3)- ? 'Wl,avc been volved the obligation of killing the murderer (2 Sam.
xiv, 7, 11) wherever he met him (outside an}' of the cities of refuge). Respecting this custom, universal among the Hebrews from the earliest times (Gen. x, 14; xxvii, 45), as among other nations of antiquity (e. fr. the Greeks ; see Welker, p. 301 sq. ; Wachsmuth, ITellen. Alterth. iii, 241, 2*4: the inhabitants of Tra-
so named as having been settled by the Avites (q. v.) when expelled from Philistia, although it is uncertain whether they penetrated so far into the interior of the country (Keil, Comment, in loc). The associated names afford a conjectural location eastward of Bethel, and it is possibly the same with Ai (q v ). See Avite. Avis or Aviz, knights of a military order of Por-
chonitis; see Josephus, Ant. xvi, 9, 1), and in the East tugal (order of St. Benito de. Ariz), instituted by Al- to this day among the Arabians, Persians, Abyssini- ! phonso I, in 1147 or 1162, in commemoration of the ans, Druses, Circassians, etc. (see Chardin, iii, 417 sq. ; capture of Evora from the Moors, whence the knights Niehuhr, Beschr. p. 33 sq. ; Reisen, ii, 430 ; East Ind. ! of this order were at first called knights of Santa Ma- Mission. Her. iii, 491 ; Burckhardt, Trav. ii, 872, 1011 ; ria oV Evora. They were afterward styled the Knights Lobo, Relation d1 Abyss, p. 123 sq.), the Jewish law- : of Avis, from a place of that name giver, in order to restrain its abuse, appointed (Exod. j where they built a fortress. These
xxi, 13 ; Numb, xxxv, 9 sq. ; Deut. xix, 1 sq. ; comp. Joseph. Ant. iv, 7, 4) six cities of refuge (B5J3Q ^S') in different parts of the country, to which the man- slayer might have recourse, and where, if his offence had not been premeditated, he might remain in safety till the death of the high-priest at that time acting should release him from the danger of retribution,
knights followed the rule of Cv- « teaux, with some variations, and 1' their duty was to defend the true faitli by force of arms, to keep chastity, and to wear a religious dress, consisting of a scapulary and hood, so made that it did not hinder their fightine. Their while, on the other hand, the wilful murderer w^s to | dresg of ceremonv is a white be in any case surrendered to the pursuer for ven- Lloak havm on [he left side a geance. _ It however, the man-slayer quitted the city ; „0S8 1kur_de_(;,^ at the foot of (Deut. xix, 6), or even went beyond the prescribed l.m- | which' are twQ b'irdg Jn their its of its environs (Numb, xxxv, 25 sq.), the avenger I armo].ial ))eari they alg0 hav
might kill him with impunity. See Asylum. A similar provision prevailed among the Athenians (see Wachsmuth, Hellen. Alterth. II, i, 263; Hefter, Athen. Gerichtsverf, p. 136) for the rescue of the accidental man-slayer. (See generally Michaelis, Mos. Recht. ii, 401 sq. ; vi, 32 sq. ; Hoffmann, in the Hall. Encycl. xi, 89 sq. ; Jahn, Archaol. II, ii, 372 sq.) — Winer, 'i, 189. See Blood-revenge.
Avera. See Aara.
Avesta. See Zend-Avesta.
two birds and a tower. They Badge ofthe Order of