tion with the record of the revolt at Shechem, between the heathen Baal and the Hebrew Ish : "At that day, saith Jehovah, men shall call me ' Ishi,' and shall call me no more 'Baali,' " both words having the sense of "my husband."
2. Such places called by this name, or its compounds, as can be identified, and several of which existed at the time of the conquest, were either near Phoenicia, as Baal-gad, Baal-hermon, Belmarkos (of later times), or in proximity to some other acknowledged seat of heathen worship, as Baal-meon and Bamoth-Baal, near Baal-poor; or Kirjath-Baal and Baal-tamar, connected with Gibeon and Bethel (see Denis, "Der Baal in d. Hebr. F.igennamen," in the Zeilschr. d. deutsch. mor- qenl. Gesellsch. 1862, iv, 728).
3. On more than one occasion Baal forms part of the names of places which we elsewhere discover to have been elevated spots, spots in which the worship of the Canaanites delighted. Thus Baal-hermcn in elsewhere called "Mount Baal," and Baal-Pcrazim is (very probably) "Mount Perazim." Baalath-beer, too, is called in the parallel lists Ramath (i. e. "height") Compare the Vulgate rendering of Baalah in 1 Chron. xiii, 6, "ad collem Cariathiarim ;" also Mount Baalah (Josh, xv, 11).
4. There is the consideration of the very deep sig- nificance with which the name of Baal must always have been invested, both for the Israelites and for their predecessors in the country — for those who venerated and those who were commanded to hate him. Surely this significance must have been sufficient to prevent that portentous name from becoming a mere altc rna- tive for a term which, like Beth- (q. v.), wa's in tho commonest daily use.— Smith, s. v.
5. The most significant form in which this compcund word occurs is its use as an element (in a manner com- mon to all the Shemitic languages) in proper names, like el- (PX) and Jah (PP) of the Hebrew ; sometimes at the end, c. g. Eth-baal\b?2Ti<), Meri-baal(bv^.";^\ Esh-baal (?r'Z"l:X), Jerub-baal fcv'2.^), etc. (which see severally); at other times at the beginning, e. g. Baal-hancn ("I'rbvi'), Eali-yah (fi'bv^), and in some instances the heathenish "Baal"' has supplanted the corresponding Jewish sacred name, e. g. El-ir.da (ST&B, 2 Sam. v, lQ>) = EeeU:;da (V^bv'Z, 1 Chrcn. xiv, 7). This was a frequent method of formation in Phoenician proper names, as appears from those occur- ring in classical and Biblical history, and still mere clearly in inscriptions en coins, e. g. Btobaal (b"'ZV',iiJ "with Baal," Gcrb. i, 2), Bathbaal (bvzrs, "daugh- ter of Baal," Carth. 8), Hikkembaal (bv'Z-Ztr, "sage of Baal," Numid. i, 2), Hikkebbaal (V?5isfl, the same by assimilation of the "2, ib. ii, 3), IliHemshlbaal (bv'Z'-'Zt.y*, the same with the insertion of the rela- tive prefix D, ib. ii, 2), Jevbaal (bi'^X/, "desire of Baal," Cit. 26), Jaasherbaal (^SS^S??!1, " enriched by Baal," Numid. vii, 1), MalMbaal (bv'Z'lb-g, "ruled by Baal," Malt, iii, 1), Mezclhbaal (bt'Sr-^-;, "kindled by Baal,'' Numid. i, 4), Mosibaal (bv^"'^ for bv'Z'tV-t, "made by Baal," ib. i, 3), Mottanbaal (bvZtV^, "given by Baal," ib. vii, 1), etc. (see Gese- nius, Thes. I/ih. p. 224, b~). — Fiirst, s. v. See Name.
Ba'alah (Heb. Baalah', fibr'.a, mistress, civi/as), the name of two cities and of one mountain. See also Baalath.
1. (Sept. Baa\a$ v. r. B«X«.) A city in the south- ern part of Judah, mentioned in connection with Beer- sheba and Iim (Josh, xv, 29), apparently the same elsewhere called Balaii (Josh, xix, 3), also Biliiaii, and assigned to Simeon (1 Chron. iv, 29). In the first- named passage it forms part of the preceding name — Bizjothjah-Baalah. See Bizjothjaii.
BAALATH
581
BAALBEK
2. (Sept. Btttt\«.3r v. r. BadX, but omits in 1 Chron.) A city on the northern border of Judali (Josh, xv, 10), better known as Kirjatii-jearim (q. v.) (Josh, xv, 9 ; 1 Chron. xiii, C), otherwise called Baale of Judah (2 Sam. vi, 2). In Josh, xv, GO, and xviii, 14, it is call- ed Kirjath-Baal. From the expression "Baalah, which is Kirjath-jearim" (comp. " Jebusi, wMch is Je- rusalem," xviii, 28), it would seem as if Baalah were the earlier or Canaanite appellation of the place.
3. (Sept. yf; BaaXaSt v. r. trri Xifia, etc.) A moun- tain (TT.) on the N.W. boundary of Judah, between j Shicron and Jabneel (Josh, xv, 11), usually regarded as the same with Mount Jearim (ver. 10), from the ', neighboring Kirjath-baal ; but erroneously (see Keil, j Comment, in loc), for the direction in the text requires j a location more westerly, apparently at the modern Tell Hermes (Van de Velde, Map). See Teibe.
Ba'alath (Heb. Baalath', ni?a, another form of the name Baalah; Sept. BaaXdS [v. r. rtSstXdv in Josh.], but Ba\n«3 v. r. BaXadg in 2 Chron.), a town in the tribe of Dan, named wTith Gibbethon, Gath- rimmon, and other Philistine places (Josh, xix, 44), apparently the same that was afterward rebuilt by Solomon (1 Kings ix, 18; 2 Chron. viii, 6). Many have conjectured this Baalath to be the same as Baal- bek (so Schwarz, Palest, p. 62); but in that case it must have lain in northernmost Dan, whereas the pos- session of it is ascribed to that tribe when its terri- tory was wholly in the south near Judah, and many years before- the migration (recorded in Judg. xviii) which gave Dan a northern territory. Correspond- ingly, Josephus places the Baalath of Solomon (which he calls Baleth, BaXtSi) in the southern part of Pales- tine, near Gazara or Gezer (Ant. viii, 6, 1), within the territory which would have belonged to Dan had it acquired possession of the lands originally assigned to it. The Jerusalem Talmud (Sanhedr. 1) affirms that Baalath lay so near the line of separation between Dan and Judah that the fields only were in the former tribe, the buildings being in the latter. Schwarz, however {Palest, p. 138 note), disputes this position; the statement seems to have reference to the post- exilian distribution of Palestine, by which Judah gave name (Judaea) to the entire neighborhood, including Benjamin as well as Dan and Simeon, an arrange- ment evidently growing out of the earlier division into the two rival kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Van de Velde is probably correct in identifying the Kite with that of Dor Balut, on the high southern brow of Wady Kerama, about half way between Jaffa and Nablous ; but he distinguishes this from the Baalath of Solomon, assigning only the insufficient reason that this locality is not situated near a highway where a fortified place would be required {Memoir, p. 291).