BACON
612
BADEN
sources of theological knowledge. He was distin- guished for his knowledge of languages, and made himself familiar with the original Scriptures. In a treatise on the advantages of grammar, he endeav- ored to prove the necessity of linguistic studies, in order better to understand the Bible, which, he said, every layman ought to study in the original. He dis- puted the authority of the Vulgate, in which he de- tected mi-takes. The Bible, according to his view, ought to he the supreme law. to which every depart- ment of life and knowledge, must be subjected. A reformatory germ lay in this exaltation of the Bible above the authority of the church and tradition. The- ology he placed at the head of all the sciences; reve- lation is the completion and perfecting of human rea- son ; in all knowledge, including philosophical and theological, harmony necessarily reigns. " Theology develops immediately the contents of Scripture; spec- ulation is the link between Scripture and natural reason. It receives what is true in earlier specula- tion, and connects with it those truths which reason might indeed know of itself, but which it would never have found without the impulse which revelation gives it. ( hristian philosophy can therefore be reconciled with faith, since it asserts rational truths which every wise man admits, although if left to himself he would not have known them. This corresponds not only to Christian philosophy, but also to the Christian con- sciousness, which must bring all truth to divine truth, to be subordinate to it and serve it. Propter conscien- tiani Chrisiianam, qiue valet omnem veritalem ducere ad dirinam, >it i i snhjiriatur et famuletur. Opus Ma-jus, p. 41." I Neander, History of Dogmas, ii, 554, 577.) See an essay by Saisset, in the Revue des Deux Mondes, also in Saisset's Precurseurs et disciples de Descartes (Paris, 1862 ; transl. by Howland, in American Presb. Review, Oct. 1863); and, besides the works cited in the course of this article, see Daunou and Leclerc, in Hist. Lift, de li France, xx, 230 ; Hoefer, Histoire de la Chimie, t. i . Iloefer, Novo. Bioy. Generate, iii, 91; Bitter, Oeschiehte d. Ckristlicken Philosopkie, iv, 17:! sq. : Gieseler, Chunk Hist. § 74 ; Neander, Church Hist, iv, 424 ; Btographia Britannica, iv, 01(5: Ingram, On the Opus Majus of Roger Bacon (Dublin, 1858. 8vo).
Bacon, Thomas, one of the early Episcopal min- isters of America, was born in the Isle of Man about 1700, and was ordained deacon and priest 1744. He had previously been engaged in civil pursuits, and in 17:;7 published, by order of the chief commissioners and governors of the revenue of the kingdom, a vol- ume entitled a "Complete System of Revenue in Eng- ine!." fn 1715 he came to Maryland, and became pastor of the English church at Oxford, Talbot county. Here he labored faithfully both for whites and colored and published in 1750 Four Sermons on the Duties of Masters (London, 12m.,). They were republished in IBM by the Rev. Dr. Meade (late bishop of Virginia), who, however, left out the title-page, the very valua- ble preface, and some other portions, in one place to the amount of six pages, and this, too, without a hint of any such omissions. In 1758 be was transferred to A Saints , Frederick county, a parish worth about «°°°Per annum. I„ 1765 he published a Collection <;/ no /,,„■; oj Maryland 1 1000 pp. fob). He did May -.' ,68; fPrajruo,^nnafo, v, 120; Am. Quar. Church ', Oct. I860.
Bacon, William, a Preshyterian (X. S.) minis-
,,,r; ,l""'",i" Cherry Valley, K.Y., August, 1789,
S££**»5Jif Union College in 1815. lie studied ^e°i°eyjfDrs.Nott and Yates, and was ordained bj he Presbytery ol Buffalo in 1817. He served as
pastoral Waterloo, Cayuga, Cortland, and Saral ,
Springs, and as missionary in Troy, N.T.,and Phila- ''•■'l'1"1- Pa., and New Orleans, La. m. Liter years were spentin retirement and affliction, but not in idle- ness; his time was taken up in writing for the press
Besides numerous contributions to periodicals, he pub- lished Tracts on Episcopacy, Old and Xctc School Pres- byterianism, Salvation made Sure, Salvation in Earnest, etc. He died April 2, 1863.— Wilson, Presbyterian Hist. A Imanac, 1864, p. 283.
Baconthorp. See Bacon, John.
Bacularii, a sect of Anabaptists which sprung up in 1528, and was so called because its members be- lieved that it was a sin to carry any other arms than a stick (baculus): and that it was forbidden to Chris- tians to resist violence by violence, because our Lord orders him who is smitten on one cheek to offer the other ; they also held it to be contrary to the spirit of Christianity to bring any one to justice. They are also called Steblevians. — Landon, Eccl. Diet, i, 693.
Bad. See Linen'.
Badby, John, an English mechanic, horn in the 14th century, and who fell a martyr in the persecution against the Lollards, whose principles he had adopted. He replied to Arundel, the archbishop of Canterbury, who was disputing with him on transubstantiation, that, were the Host the body of God, there would be some 20,000 gods in England, while he believed but in one. He was burnt at Smithfield in 1409, and re- mained steadfast to the end.
Badcock, Samuel, an English theologian, born at South Molton, Devonshire, in 1747, died at London in 1788. He was first a dissenting minister, but in 1787 took orders in the Church of England. He was a contributor to the London Review, Monthly Review, and several other periodicals. His review of Priest- ley's History of the Corruptions of Christianity (in Monthly Review, June and August, 1783) was general- ly regarded as the best refutation of Priestley's views. Priestley answered immediately (".4 Reply to the An- imadversions, etc, in the Monthly Review for June, I 1783,"), and Badcock again replied by another article ' in the Monthly Review (Sept. 1783)." He also pub- | lished in the Gentleman's Magazine, 1785, some me- ' moirs of the Wesleys, charging them with Jacobitism, which John Wesley refuted. — Allibone, Dictionary of Authors, i, 98 ; Jones, Christ. Biography, s. v. ; Weslej-, 1 1 'oris, N. Y. ed. vii. 256, 414.