BAIUS
619
BAKE
of eminence, was born at Melun in 1513, and studied at Louvain. In 1551 lie was appointed professor of theology at Louvain, as substitute for Professor Tap- per, a delegate to the Council of Trent. The lectures which he delivered in this capacity gave great offence, and when Tapper and Ravenstein returned, they de- nounced eighteen propositions taken from his lectures and writings to the faculty of theology at Paris as he- retical. In 1560 a censure was issued by that body, whereby three of these dogmas were declared to be erroneous, and fifteen either wholly or partly heretical. The following propositions and the corresponding cen- sures may be cited :
" Proposition 4. Free-will is in itself sinful; and every act of the free-will, left to itself, is either mortal or venial sin.- — Censure. This proposition is heretical in both its parts. Proposition 5. Man sins in every thing that depends on himself, and cannot avoid sinning.— Censure. This proposition is heretical. Proposition 7. Man's free-will cannot avoid sin without God's special grace ; whence it follows that all the actions of unbe- lievers are sinful. — Censure. That the second part of this proposition is not properly deduced from the first, and is false. Proposition 9. A schismatic or a heretic, or a man who is not purely an infidel, may sometimes merit eternal life by merit of condignity. — Censure. This proposition is heretical. Proposition 11. Contri- tion does not remit sin without the sacrament of bap- tism or that of penance, except in cases of martyrdom or necessity. —Censure. This proposition is heretical. Proposition 12. If a sinner does all that is ordered him, neither his contrition nor his confession avail to the remission of his sin, unless the priest gives him abso- lution, even though the priest refuse absolution out of malice, or unreasonably. — Censure. This proposition is heretical. Proposition 14. Grace is never given to those who oppose it, and the same holds of the first justification ; for justification is faith itself, and it is through faith that the sinner is made righteous. — Cen- sure. The first two parts are heretical, and the last false. Proposition 16. No one is w ilhout original sin, save Jesus Christ only ; and, accordingly, the Blessed Virgin died owing to the sin which she had contracted in Adam ; and all her sufferings in this life were, like those of all the other righteous, the penalty of actual or original sin. — Censure. This proposition is heretical in all its parts, and injurious to the Blessed Virgin and all the saints."
The Franciscans appealed against the doctrines of Baius to the Cardinal Granvella, governor of the Low Countries, but he refused to receive the appeal, and enjoined silence on all parties. Baius and John Hes- sels were sent, in 1563, to the Council of Trent by Granvella as deputies of the University of Louvain. At the council the learning and talent of Baius gained him general admiration. On his return he published several works on the controverted points, viz. De Mentis Operum (1561) : — De Prima Hominis Justitia et I "trtatihiis Impiorvm (1565) :—De Saeramt litis in C< in re contra Calvinum (1565): — De Libera Hominis Arbitrio, de Charitatc et Justijkatione (1566). The controversy was bitterly renewed, and on the 1st of October, 1567, Pius V issued a bull condemning seventy-six dogmas, but without naming Baius, for whom he had great re- gard ; and to this Baius, after having written to the pope, was compelled to yield, which he did before Mo- rillon, the grand vicar of the Cardinal Granvella, and afterward before Cardinal Tolet. In 1577 he was made inquisitor general of Holland. lie died December 16th, 15S9. His doctrine (called Baianisni) was after- ward taken up by the Jansenists. His works were edited 1)}' Quesnel and Gerberon (Colon. 16f!6, 2 vols. 4to) : the edition was condemned at Borne, 1697. — Biog. Univ. iii, 215 ; Duchesne, Jlistoire du Biijnnismi (Douay, 1731); Bayle, Dictionary, s. v.; Kulin (R. C), Dqg- matik; p. 180 sq. ; answered by Schazler (II. C), Dogma v. der Gnade (Mainz, 1865, 8vo) ; Wetzer u. Welte,
Kirchen-Lerikon, s. v. The bull of Pius V is given in Dens, Theoloijia, viii, 139.
Ba'jitll (Ileb. with the art. hab-ba yith, r^3n, the house), taken by some to be the name of a city in Moab, where there may have been a celebrated idol temple. It occurs in the prophecy against Moab (Isa. xv, 2): "He is gone up to Bajith and to Dibon, the high places, to weep," which passage is thus interpreted by Bishop Lowth : "He is used for the people of Moab. Bajith and Dibon are in the Chaldee and Syriac versions made into the name of one place, Beth-Dibon. Beth [ i. e. BajHft] may signify the house or temple of an idol." The Sept. has AvTrtlaSe i<t>' iavrovc, Vulg. Ascendit domus. Gesenius (Comment, zu Jesa. in loc.) under- stands it as referring, not to a place of this name, but to the "temple" of the false gods of Moab, as opposed to the " high places" in the same sentence (comp. xvi,12). The allusion has been supposed to be to Beth-Baal- meon, or Beth-diblathaim, which are named in Jer. xlviii, 22, as here, with Dibon and Nebo. In this view Henderson (Comment, in loc.) coincides. See Bamoth.