Bahu'rim (Heb. Bachurirn, O^Fia, or [in 2 Sam. iii, 1G ; xix, 17] fi'H^na, low grounds, otherwise young mi u's village ; Sept. B«o»'pi//,but Ba\ovpifi [v. r. Bapaicifi] in 2 Sam. iii, 16; Josephus Baxovprje, Ant, vii, 9,7, ed. Havercamp ; for other var. readings, see Reland, Potest, p. 611), a place not far from Jerusa- lem, of which the slight notices remaining connect it almost exclusively with the flight, of David (q. v.)from his son Absalom (q. v.). It was apparently on or close to the road leading up from the Jordan valley to Jeru- salem. Shimei, the son of Gera, resided here (2 Sam. I xvii, 18; 1 Kings ii, 8), and from the village, when
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David, having left the " top of the mount" behind him, •was making his way down the eastern slopes of Olivet into the Jordan valley below, Shimei issued forth, and running along (Josephus StaTpkxwv) on the side or "rib" of the hill over against the king's party, flung his stones and dust, and foul abuse (xvi, 5), with a virulence which is to this day exhibited in the East toward fallen greatness, however eminent it may pre- viously have been. Here in the court of a house was the well in which Jonathan and Ahimaaz eluded their pursuers (xvii, 18). In his account of the occurrence, Josephus (Ant. vii, 9, 7) distinctly states that Bahurim lay oft' the main road (7r«iffc ticrpairevrtg rijc u/JoiJ), which agrees well with the account of Shimei's be- havior. Here Phaltiel, the husband of Miehal, bade farewell to his wife on her return to king David at Hebron (2 Sam. iii, 16). Bahurim must have been near the southern boundary of Benjamin ; but it is not mentioned in the lists in Joshua, nor is any expla- nation given of its being Benjamite, as, from Shimei's residing there, we may conclude it was. In the Tar- gum Jonathan on 2 Sam. xvi, 5, we find it given as Almon (""2?") ; but the situation of Almon (see Josh. xxi, 18) will not at all suit the requirements of Bahu- rim. Dr. Barclay conjectures that the place lay where some ruins (apparently those called Kubbeh on Van de Velde's Map, near the remains of Deir es-Sid, as in Robinson's Researches, ii, 109) still exist close to a Wa- dy Ruwaby, which runs in a straight course for three miles from Olivet toward Jordan, offering the near- est, though not the best route (City of the Great King, p. 563).
Azmaveth "the Barhumite" (2 Sam. xxiii, 31), or "the Baharumite" (1 Chron. xi, 33), one of the heroes of David's guard, is the only native of Bahurim that we hear of except Shimei. — Smith, s. v.
Baier, John William, a Lutheran divine, born at Nuremberg in 16-17. He was a member of several German universities, and rector and theological pro- fessor of the University of Halle, where he died in 1694. He wrote, Compendium Tkeologice Positives (Jena, 1686, 8vo, often reprinted) : — De Purgatorio (Jena, 1677, 4to) : — De A qua lustrali Pontificiorum (Jena, 1692, 4to) : — Collatio doctrinal Quackerurum et Protestantium (Jena, 1694, 4to).—Biog. Univ. iii, 223 ; Winer, Thtol. Litera- tur. — Landon, Eccles. Dictionary, s. v.
Bail (Heb. S'lS, urab' , to become surety; Gr. ey- yvaaSrai), as a legal regulation, does not occur in the Mosaic civil polity, nor is the word found in the Auth. Vers, of the Scriptures ; but the custom nevertheless prevailed among the (later) Hebrews, as is evident from the many allusions to it in the Book of Proverbs. Indeed, these maxims are evidence of great rigor in the enforcement of such obligations (Prov. xi, 15 ; xvii, 18; xxii, 26), and recommend great caution (vi sq.) in view of the fact that the security was treated quite as severely as the debtor (comp. the Mishna, Baba Bathra, x, 7) in whose stead he was held (Prov. xx, 16 ; xxii, 27). A somewhat milder sentiment is ex- pressed in the Apocrypha (Sir. xxix, 17), yet not with- out a warning to prudence (viii, 16; xxix, 21 [24]). — Winer, i, 200. See Surety.
Bailey, Jacob, a "frontier missionary" of the Protestant Episcopal Church, was born in Rowley, Mass., 1731. He graduated at Harvard in 1755, and in 1758 was licensed to preach hy the Congregational Association at Exeter, N. H. In 1759 he left the Con- gregational Church, and embarked for England, to be ordained for the ministry in the Church of England. In March of the following year he was ordained, and appointed a missionary of the " Society for Propagat- ing the Gospel in Foreign Parts" to Pownalboro', Me. He immediately returned and entered on his duties. Taking the side of England in the Revolution, he es- caped to Halifax, N. S., in 1779. and labored as a mis- sionary there and at Cornwallis until his death, July
26, 1808. See Bartlct, Life of Rev. Jacob Bailey (N. Y. 8vo). — Sprague, Annals, v, 204.
Bailey, John, Congregational minister, was born in Lancashire, England, Feb. 24, 1044, studied under Dr. J. Harrison, and entered the ministry at Chester, 1666. As a Nonconformist, he was imprisoned in Lan- cashire jail for some time, and after his release he went to Limerick, Ireland, where he labored faithfully as pastor for 14 years. The office of chaplain to the Duke of Ormond, with the promise of a deanery and bishopric, was tendered to him on condition of con- forming to the Established Church, but he refused. He was finally imprisoned, and only released on a promise to leave the country. About 1684 he came to New England, and was ordained minister of the Con- gregational Society at Watertown, October 6, 1686, with his brother, Thomas Bailey, as his assistant. He removed to Boston in 1692, and became assistant to Mr. Allen, of the First Church, in 1693. Here he la- bored, as his failing health would allow, till his death, December 12, 1697. He was a man of eminent piety and exemplary life. A volume of his discourses was published in 1689. — Sprague, Annals, i, 201.