i-l a borate, painstaking volumes to prove from the , tions generally expressed a desire to co-operate again Scriptures the divine origin and authority of the dis- with their Southern brethren in the fellowship of languishing principles of Baptists." Among the Bap- j Christian labor, but the}' demanded from the Southern tist writers in the early part of the eighteenth century associations a profession of loyalty to the United States
were Samuel Ewen, John Brine, Benjamin Beddome the three Stennetts (Joseph Stennett, Joseph Sten- nett, jun., D.D., Samuel Stennett, D.D.), John Ev- ans. LL.D., J. H. Evans, Dr. Gala, the famous Dr. Gill, Joseph Burroughs, William Zoat, Caleb Evans. D.D., Abraham Booth, and Joseph Jenkins. Toward the close of the last and the beginning of the present century, the Baptist denomination had a large num- ber of writers, among whom were William Jones, Thomas Llewellyn, William Richards, Robert Hall, John Foster, Andrew Fuller, Christopher Anderson.
government, and they themselves deemed it necessary t j repeat the testimony which, during the war, they had, at each annual meeting, borne against slaver}'. The Southern associations that met during the year 18G5 were unanimous in favor of continuing their for- mer separate societies, and against fraternization with the Northern societies. They censured the American Baptist Home Missionary Society for proposing, with- out consultation or co-operation with the churches, associations, conventions, or organized boards of the Southern States, to appoint ministers and missionaries
and Joseph [vimey. The Rev. F. A. Cox (a Baptist j to preach and raise churches within the bounds of the writer) -tabs (Encyc. Metrop.}, however, that, "till Southern associations. Some of the Southern associ- of late years, Baptist literature must be regarded as, on ations, like that of Virginia, consequently advised the the whole, somewhat inferior." Cox enumerates among churches "to decline any co-operation "or fellowship the great men of the English Baptists, "Gale and Car- I with any of the missionaries, ministers, or agents of son for Greek scholarship; Gill for Hebrew knowledge the American Baptist Home Mission Society." A and rabbinical lore; Carey for Oriental research ; Ful- number of negro Baptist churches in the Southern ler for theological wisdom and controversial acuteness ; States separated from the Southern associations, and Hughes for the union of elegant taste and public zeal either connected themselves with those of the North, in the formation of the Bible and Tract Societies; Fos- j or organized, with the co-operation of the Northern ter for the reach and profundity of his mind ; and Hall ! missionaries, independent associations. Divisions as the most chaste and beautiful of writers, and, per- among the American Baptists commenced early to haps, the greatest of English preachers." More re- 'take place; see Six -Principle Baptists; Sev- cently, the Rev. C. II. Spurgeon acquired the reputa- kxtii-day Baptists; Seventh-day German Bap- tura of being one of the most popular preachers of the tists; Anti-mission Baptists; Free-will Bap- nineteenth century. Sir Morton Pcto has become a tists; Disciples; Church of Gon. Somediviskms prouim.„t m3mber of the House of Commons. See have become extinct, as the Rogerenes, organized in < rou.-il. Lit, r ititre of Ann rican Baptists in Missionary 1680 in Connecticut, and called after Jonathan Rogers. ■'"..' ' ' P; ''l!l' l03 ■ They observed the seventh dav instead of Sunday, and
... United States. — The Baptist churches in the believed in spiritual marriages. The Free or Open uted States owe their origin to Roger Williams (q. Communion Baptists, who were organized about 1810, v.;, who, before his immersion, was an Episcopalian United in 1841 with the Free-will Baptists, minuter. Io was persecuted for opposing the au- The Baptist literature of the United States begins ■ "".' q"' "' ecclesiastical affairs and for in the seventeenth century with the pleas of Roger '""l "l"'1' 'ended to Anabaptism." In 1689 Williams and his companion, John Clarke, for religious 'mmersed by Ezekiel Holliman, and in turn liberty. Contributions to the denominational litera- ." '•"I 'I 'II""". and ten others, who with him or- tore were also made by the Wightmans, of Connecti- ganizeda Baptist Church al Providence, Rhode Island, cot (Valentine, Timothy, and John Gano"), the two a raw yean before (163o . though unknown to Wil- Abel Morgans, John Callender, and Benjamin Griffith. ban-, a Bapt.stprcacherof England, Hansard Knol- The first Baptist book on Systematic Theologv was l.y, had settled in Nee Hampshire and taken charge published in 1700 by the Rev. John Watts. 'About Of a Cure!, ,,, Dover; but he resigned in 1689 and re- the middle of the eighteenth centurv the Rev. Isaac
turned to England. Wilhai bfc 1 in Kill a Backus commenced bis literary career. He was fol-
. I. r. r for the colony which he and his associates had lowed by the Rev. Dr. Stillman, Rev. Morgan Edwards,
BAPTISTS
655
BAPTISTS
Samuel Shepard, Rev. William Roger?, Rev. Richard Furman, and the eccentric John Leland. Fruitful authors at the beginning of the present century were Thomas Baldwin, D.D., Rev. Henry Holcombe, James Manning, D.D., Rev. Dr. Stanford, Rev. Dr. Mercer, Rev. A. Broaddus, Rev. Jonathan Maxey, D.D., and Rev. William Staughton, D.D. The literature of the last fifty years is very numerous. We give below (from Crowell, Literature of the American Baptists during the last fifty years, in Missionary Jubilee, N. Y. 1865, p. 405-465) a list of the most important denomi- national works of Baptist authors, and of the most important contributions of Baptist authors to religious and general literature.