BaradcEUS, Jacobus. See Jacobites.
Barah. See Beth-barah.
Ba'rak (Heb. Barak', p^3, lightning; Sept. and N. T. BapaK, Joseph. Ant. v, 5, 2, BdpaieoQ ; comp. the family name of Hannibal, Barca=" lightning of war"), son of Abinoam of Kedesh-naphtali, a Galilean city of refuge in the tribe of Naphtali (Judg. iv, 6 ; comp. Josh, xix, 37 ; xxi, 32). He was summoned by the prophetess Deborah to take the field against the hostile army of the Canaanitish kins Jabin (q. v.), commanded by Sisera (q. v.), with 10,000 men from the tribes of Naphtali and Zebulon, and to encamp on Mount Tabor, probably because the 900 chariots of iron (Judg. iv, 3), in which the main force of Sisera consisted, could not so easily manoeuvre on uneven ground. After some hesitation, he resolved to do her
bidding, on condition that she would go with him, which she readily promised. At a signal gfven by the prophetess, the little arm}', seizing the opportunity of a providential storm (Joseph. Ant. v, 4) and a wind that blew in the faces of the enemy, boldly rushed down the hill, and utterly routed the unwieldy host of the Canaanites in the plain of Jezreel (Esdraelon), "the battle-field of Palestine." From the prominent mention of Taanach (Judg. v, 19, " sandy soil") and of the river Kishon, it is most likely that the victory was partly due to the suddenly swollen waves of that im- petuous torrent, particularly its western branch, called Megiddo. The victory was decisive, Harosheth taken (Judg. iv, 1C), Sisera murdered, and Jabin ruined. A peace of forty years ensued, and the next danger came from a different quarter. The victors composed a splendid epinician ode in commemoration of their de- liverance (Judg. v). Sec Deborah. Barak's faith is commended among the other worthies of the Old Test, in Heb. xi, 32. See also Bene-barak.
From the incidental date apparently given in Judg. v, 6, some have regarded Barak as a contemporary of Shamgar. If so, he could not have been so late as 178 years after Joshua, where he is generally placed Lord A. Hervey supposes the narrative to be a repeti- tion of Josh, xi, 1-12 {Genealogies, p. 228 sq.). A great deal may be said for this view : the names Jabin and Hazor; the mention of subordinate kings (Judg. v. 19 ; comp. Josh, xi, 2 sq.) ; the general locality of the battle ; the prominence of chariots in both narratives, and especially the name Misrephoth-maiin, which seems to mean "burning by the waters," as in the margin of the A. V., and not "the flow of waters." Man)' chronological difficulties are also thus removed ; but it is fair to add that, in Stanley's opinion (Palest. p. 392 note), there are geographical difficulties in the way (Ewald, Gesch. des Israel; Thomson, Land and Book, ii, 141 sq.). There appears, therefore, on the. whole, no good reason for departing from the regular order of the judges, which places his rule B.C. 1409- 1369. — Kitto, s. v. ; Smith, s. v. See Judges.
Baratier, John Philip, an eminent boy-scholar, was born January 19th, 1721, at Schwabach, in An- spach. His father, Francis, was pastor of the French Protestant church in Schwabach, and gave his son careful education from infancy. At five years old he could speak Latin, French, and German, and at seven he knew by heart the Psalms in Hebrew. In his tenth year he composed a Hebrew Dictionary of rare words, and in his thirteenth he translated the Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudcla (Amst. 1734, 2 vols. 8vo). He afterward applied himself to ecclesiastical history, the fathers, and theology, and answered a Unitarian work which Crellius published (under the name of Artemo- nius) in a book entitled Antiartemonius (Xuremb. 1735). In 1735, on his way to Berlin, he passed through Halle, where he was made M.A. ; upon which occasion he composed, impromptu, fourteen theses in the pres- ence of the professors, and on the following day de- fended them for three hours before a public audience with entire success. At Berlin he was received with honor by the king, and was enrolled among the mem- bers of the Royal Society. At the king's request he established himself at Halle to study law, and died there October 5th, 1740, being only nineteen years of age. He also published Dbquidtio Chronologica de Successione antiquissima Rom. Pontijicum (Utrecht, 1740, 4to), and some other works. His life, by Formey, was published at Halle, 1741 (2d ed. Frankfort, 1755).— Biog. Univ. iii, 322 ; Landon, Eccl. Diet. s. v.
Barbadoes, one of the Windward group of the West India Islands, which in 1850 had a population of 125,864 inhabitants, seven eighths of wdiom arc Macks. It is the see of a bishop of the Church of England, whose diocese comprises all the British Windward Isb ands, and had, in 1859, 88 clergymen, including two
BARBARA
662
BARBER
-.t hdeacons. There are many well-endowed public schools, among which Codrington College lias a rev-
i Que of £8 a year {Clergy Lktfor I860, Lond. 18G0,
See \Ve8t Ihdii -• Barbara, St., whose day is observed in the Greek and Roman churches December 4th, is said to have Buffered martyrdom at Helicpolis, Egypt, under Ga- 1 rius, A. 1 1. 306 (Assemanni, Bibl. Orient, i, 63). An- other account makes the place Nicomedia, the time A. P. '-':'.•">. and says that after her conversion she ex- h< rtcd her father to be converted, but he accused her and put her to death with torture. — A. Butler, Lives of Saints, Dec. 1.