Betkiiis, Joachim, a German pastor, noted for fervent piety in a time of spiritual declension, was born in Berlin 1601, studied at Wittenberg, and was pastor of the village of Linum for 30 years. He died 1663. Me was one of the few German pastors of his time (be- fore the rise of Pietism [q. v.]) who preached and en- joyed a deep religious life. His favorite ejaculation was, "Lord, thou knowest that I love thee." He pul - lished Cliristi mismus Kthicus (Berlin, 1633): — Myste- rium cruris (Berlin, 1637) : — Sacerdotium, i. e. N. T. Kingly Priesthood (Berlin, 1640, 4to) : —Mensio Chris- tianismi et Ministerii Germanice (Measure of the Chris- tianity and Ministry of Germany by the ( Jhristian stand- ard ; Berlin, 1648, 6th ed.) :— Antichristenthum (Amst. 1650) : — Irenicum, seu fortitudn pads (Amst. 1760):— Excidium Germanice (Amst. 1766). He charged the religion of his age as being anti-Christian, partly from the faults and negligence of the pastors, and partly from the preaching of justification as if there were no sanctilication. — Herzog, Heal-EncyHop/ldie, ii, 123,
Betogabris. See Eeeutheropoi.is.
Beto'lius (BtroXtof), a place of which 52 Jews that returned from Babylon were inhabitants (1 Esdr. v, 21); evidently the Bethel (q. v.) of the Hebrew texts (Ezra ii, 28 ; Neh. vii, 32).
Betomas'them (Bairo/iaaSraip., Judith xv, 4), o'f Betomes'tham (Bero/twffS'm'ju, Judith iv, 6), a place mentioned only in tho apocryphal book of Judith, as a ! town "over against Esdraelon, facing the plain that
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is near Dothaim" (Judith iv, G), and in the vicinity of " Beliai, Chobai, and ( tola, in the coasts of Israel" (xv, t 1 "i. [,-, in the manner of its mention, it would seem to have been of equal importance with Bethulia (q. v.) it- self, bul it is doubtful whether it indicates any histor- ' ical locality whatever. See Judith.
Bet'onim (Heb. Betonim', t^JbS, pistachio-nuts [comp. the botrdm, Gen. xliii, 11, and the Arabic butm
terebinth]'; Sept. Boravifjt), a town in the trihe ■ of Gad, mentioned in connection with Ramath-mizpeh | and Mahanaim (Josh, xiii, 26) ; probably identical with | a ruined village Batneh (Robinson, Researches, iii, Ap- ■ p >nd. p. 169), on Mt. Gilead, about five miles west of cs-Salt (Van de Velde, Map).
Betray (TrapaBidwpi), a term used especially of j the act of Judas in delivering up his Master to the Jews (Matt, x, 4 ; xxvii, 4,.etc). See Judas. Mon- , • ■graphs on several circumstances of the transaction ■ have been written by Krackewitz (Kost. 170!!), Oedcr (in his Misceli. Sacr. p. 50:5-20), Opitius (Kilon. 1710), Sommel (Lund. 1796), Gurlitt (Hamb. 1S05).
Betroth (properly w^N, arash', fivnortvofiaC). A man and woman were betrothed or espoused, each to the other, when the}' were engaged to he married. See Espouse. Among the Hebrews this relation was usually determined by the parents or brothers, without consulting the parties until they came to be betrothed. The engagement took place very early, as is still the case in Oriental countries, though it was not consum- mated by actual marriage until the spouse was at least twelve years of age. The betrothing was performed a twelvemonth or more before the marriage, either in writing, or by a piece of silver given to the espoused before witnesses, as a pledge of their mutual engage- ments. Sometimes a regular contract was made, in which the bridegroom always hound himself to give a certain sum as a portion to his bride. From the time of espousal, however, the woman was considered as the lawful wife of the man to whom she was betrothed: the engagement could not he ended by the man with- out a I 'ill of divorce ; nor could she be unfaithful with- out being considered an adulteress. Tims Mary, after she was betrothed to Joseph, might, according to the rigor of the law, have been punished if the angel of the Lord had not acquainted Joseph with the mystery of the incarnation (Dent, xxviii, 30; Judg. xiv, 2, 8; Matt, i, 18-21). See Marriage.
Betsel. See Onion.
Betser. See Gold.
Between-the-Logs. See Missions, Metho- dist.
Beu'Iah (Heb. Beiilah', FftlSSL, married; Sept. paraphrases oiKovpevrf) occurs in Isa. lxii, -1, meta- phorically of Judroa, as of a land desolated, but again filled with inhabitants, when "the land shall be mar- ried (b"zr)," referring to the return from Babylon; or it may be applied to the Jewish Church to denote the intimacy of its relation to God.
Beiishim. See Grapes, Wild.
Bevan, Joseph Gcrney, one of the ablest writers of the Society of Friends, He Is the author of a num- bi r of Hi sological works, among which the following are the most important : l. .1 Refutation of some of the most n""f ni Misn / n s< ntations of the Socu ty oj Frii mis, ■ i called Quakers, with a Life of James Nayler
(L I. 1800):— 2. The Lift of the Apostle Paul(Lond.
1*07). The latter work is highly recommended in Home's Introduction, and the geographical notes are said to stamp a r.-al value on the book.
Bevans, John, a theological writer of the Society of Friends. He wn.te: | Defend oft/u Christian Doc- trines oftht Society of Friends against tht Charge of So- cinianism | Lond. 1805): — A brief View of the Doctrines of tht Christian Religion as professed ly the Society «f