Booth (n~0, suhhah', often rendered "tabernacle" or "pavilion"), a hut made of branches of trees, and thus distinguished from a tent properly so called. Such were the booths in which Jacob sojourned for a while on his return to the borders of Canaan, whence the place obtained the name of Succoth (Gen. xxxiii, 17); and such were the temporary green sheds in which the Israelites were directed to celebrate the Feast of Tabernacles (Lev. xxiii, 42, 43). See Suc- coth; Tabernacles, Feast of. As this observance was to commemorate the abode of the Israelites in the wilderness, it has been rather unwisely concluded by some that they there lived in such booths. But it is
evident from the narrative that, during their wander- ings, they dwelt in tents; and, indeed, where, in that treeless region, could they have found branches with which to construct their booths? Such structures are only available in well-wooded regions ; and it is ob- vious that the direction to celebrate the feast in tooths, rather than in tents, was given because, when the Is- raelites became a settled people in Palestine and ceased to have a general use of tents, it was easier for them to erect a temporary shed of green branches than to provide a tent for the occasion. — Kitto. See Cottaoe. Booth, Abraham, an eminent Baptist minister, born at Blackwell, Derbyshire, 1734. His parents were poor, and he had no early opportunities of educa- tion. He became a Baptist when quite young, and in earl}r manhood was received as a preacher among the General (Arminian) Baptists. He afterward imbibed Calvinistic views, and took charge of a congregation of Particular Baptists in London 1769, in which charge he continued till his death in 1806. The most impor- tant of his miscellaneous writings are his Reign of Grace and Essay on the Kingdom of Christ, both to be found in his collected works (London, 1813, 3 vols.
j 8vo). In the Baptist controversy he wrote /'. dobap- tism Examined (1784): — A Defence of Pt-dobaptism Ex- amined (1792) : — An Apology for the Baptists, collected into 3 vols. 8vo (1828). Booth is regarded by the Bap- tists as one of their most able and important writers.
Boothroyd, Benjamin, LL.D., a learned English Dissenting minister, born in 1768. He was a minister and bookseller at Pontefract from 1794 to 1818, when he was called to Highfield Chapel at Huddersfield, which he served until his death in 18S6. He was a respectable Hebrew scholar, and in his commentary happily blended critical disquisition with practical in- struction. His publications are: 1. A New Family Bible and Improved Version, from corrected texts of the original, with notes critical and rxplanatory (Pon-
I tefract, 1818, 3 vols. 4to) :— 2. Biblui llebraica, or the Hebrew Scriptures of the O. T., without points, after the text of Kennicott, with the chief various readings, and accompanied with English notes, critical, philo- logical, and explanatorv, etc. (Pontefract, 1810-16, 2 vols. 4to).
Booty ("2, baz, Jer. xlix, 32, elsewhere usually "prey;"' FlIpPO, malko'dck, Num. xxxi, 32, else- where usually "prey;" TKD'Z'O, meshissah', Hab. ii, G; Zeph. i, 13, elsewhere "spoil"). This consisted of captives of both sexes, cattle, and whatever a captured city might contain, especially metallic treasures (Mi-
j chaelis, Mos. Revht, iii, 235 sq.). Within the limits of Canaan no captives were to be made (Deut. xx, 14 and 16) ; beyond those limits, in case of warlike resist- ance, all the women and children were to be made captives, and the men put to death. A special charge was given to destroy the " pictures and images" of the Canaanites, as tending to idolatry (Num. xxxiii, 52). The case of Amalek was a special one, in which Saul was bidden to destroy the cattle. So also was that of the expedition against Arad, in which the people took a vow to destroy the cities, and that of Jericho, on which the curse of God seems to have rested, and the gold and silver, etc., of which were viewed as reserved wholly for Him (1 Sam. xv, 2, 3; Num. xxi, 2; Josh. vi, 19). See ACCURSED. The law of booty was that it should be divided equally between the army who won it and the people of Israel, but of the former half one luad in every 500 was reserved to God, and appro- priated to the priests, and of the latter one in every 5(1 was similarly reserved and appropriated to the Levites (Xuni, xxxi, 2(1-47). As regarded the army, David added a regulation that the baggage-guard should share equally with the troops engaged. The present made liy David out of his booty to the elders of towns in Judah was an act of grateful courtesy merely, though perhaps suggested by the law, Num. 1. c. So
BOOZ
854
BOREEL'S MANUSCRIPT
the spoils devoted by him to provide for the Temple must be regarded as 'a free-will offering (1 Sam. xxx, 24-26; 2 Sam. viii, 11; 1 Chron. xxvi, 27). These doubtless were the host of the booty [see Akrothini- oh] (comp. Herod, viii, 121 ; Pausan. i, 28, 2; Livy, x, 46; Flor. i, 7) which fell to the king. See Spoil.
Bo'oz (Boii:), the Groecized form (Matt, i, 5) of the Bethleheniite BoAZ (q. v.).
Bor. See Soap.
Bora (or Bohra, or Boiiren), Cathakina von, the wife of Luther, was born at Loeben, Saxony, Jan. 21), 1499 ; died Dec. 20, 1552. While still quite young, she was placed in the convent of Nimpkchen, where she became deeply interested in the writings of Lu- ther. She asked the aid of Luther in liberating her- self and eight of her friends from the convent, and at the request of Luther, Leonhard Kopp aided their es- cape in the night of April 4, 1523. Luther wrote to the parents of the nuns to take them back, and, when this was refused, he provided for them otherwise. Catharine found a home with the burgomaster of Eeichenbach, and on June 13, 1525, she married Lu- ther. The writings of Luther are a conclusive proof that the marriage was a very happy one. After the death of Luther, Catharine received support from the elector John Frederick of Saxony and Christian III, king of Denmark. See Walch, Geschichte der Cath. von B. (2 vols. Halle, 1752-54) ; Beste, Gesch. Cath. von B.'s (Halle, 1843) ; Hoefer, Biographic Generate, v, C73.